Bulgaria, sentence 79
From Wikipedia, «Bulgaria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Despite a brief resurgence in the arts and culture, the remaining Bulgarian rump states—two tsardoms at Vidin and Tarnovo and the Despotate of Dobrudzha—became easy prey for a new threat arriving from the Southeast: the Ottoman Turks.
Who acts: two tsardoms, new threat · What happens: become, arrive · To what, where: easy prey, Southeast
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bulgaria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two tsardoms, new threat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Despite | despite | ADP | _ | 4 resurgence | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 resurgence | det |
| 3 | brief | brief | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 resurgence | amod |
| 4 | resurgence | resurgence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 became | obl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 arts | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 arts | det |
| 7 | arts | art | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 resurgence | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 culture | cc |
| 9 | culture | culture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 arts | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 states | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 states | det |
| 12 | remaining | remaining | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 states | amod |
| 13 | Bulgarian | bulgarian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 states | amod |
| 14 | rump | rump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 states | compound |
| 15 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 arts | conj |
| 16 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 tsardoms | punct |
| 17 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 tsardoms | nummod |
| 18 | tsardoms | tsardom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 became | nsubj |
| 19 | at | at | ADP | _ | 20 Vidin | case |
| 20 | Vidin | Vidin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 tsardoms | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 Tarnovo | cc |
| 22 | Tarnovo | Tarnovo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Vidin | conj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 Despotate | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Despotate | det |
| 25 | Despotate | Despotate | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Vidin | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 Dobrudzha | case |
| 27 | Dobrudzha | Dobrudzha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Despotate | nmod |
| 28 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 tsardoms | punct |
| 29 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 30 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 prey | amod |
| 31 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 became | xcomp |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 threat | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 threat | det |
| 34 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 threat | amod |
| 35 | threat | threat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 prey | nmod |
| 36 | arriving | arrive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 threat | acl |
| 37 | from | from | ADP | _ | 39 Southeast | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 Southeast | det |
| 39 | Southeast | Southeast | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 arriving | obl |
| 40 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 43 Turks | punct |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 Turks | det |
| 42 | Ottoman | ottoman | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 Turks | amod |
| 43 | Turks | Turk | PROPN | Number=Plur | 29 became | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 29 became | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | past | two tsardoms at Vidin and Tarnovo and the Despotate of Dobrudzha | easy prey for a new threat | despite a brief resurgence in the arts and culture and the remaining Bulgarian rump states; the Ottoman Turks obl | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | arrive | gerund | a new threat not said here | the Southeast | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from southeast=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bulgaria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bulgaria/79/