Cairo, sentence 112
From Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In the late 14th century, the Burji Mamluks replaced the Bahri Mamluks as rulers of the Mamluk state, but the Mamluk system continued to decline.
Who acts: Burji Mamluks, Mamluk system · What happens: replace, continue, decline · To what, where: Bahri Mamluks
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cairo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Burji Mamluks, Mamluk system), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 century | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 century | det |
| 3 | late | late | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 century | amod |
| 4 | 14th | 14th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 5 century | amod |
| 5 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 replaced | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 century | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Mamluks | det |
| 8 | Burji | Burji | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Mamluks | compound |
| 9 | Mamluks | Mamluks | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 replaced | nsubj |
| 10 | replaced | replace | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Mamluks | det |
| 12 | Bahri | Bahri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Mamluks | compound |
| 13 | Mamluks | Mamluks | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 replaced | obj |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 rulers | case |
| 15 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 replaced | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 state | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 state | det |
| 18 | Mamluk | Mamluk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 state | compound |
| 19 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 rulers | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 continued | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 continued | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 system | det |
| 23 | Mamluk | Mamluk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 system | compound |
| 24 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 continued | nsubj |
| 25 | continued | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 replaced | parataxis |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 decline | mark |
| 27 | decline | decline | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 continued | xcomp |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 replaced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | replace | past | the Burji Mamluks | the Bahri Mamluks | century | as rulers of the Mamluk state | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mamluks=Co-Theme | ||
| 2 | continue | past | the Mamluk system | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | decline | to-infinitive | the Mamluk system not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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