Cairo, sentence 460
From Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The areas around the old walled city and around the Citadel are characterised by hundreds of mosques, tombs, madrasas, mansions, caravanserais, and fortifications dating from the Islamic era and are often referred to as "Islamic Cairo", especially in English travel literature.
Who acts: areas, hundreds, fortifications · What happens: wall, characteris, date, refer · To what, where: city, Citadel, Islamic era
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cairo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (areas, hundreds, fortifications), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 areas | det |
| 2 | areas | area | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 walled | nsubj |
| 3 | around | around | ADP | _ | 5 old | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 old | det |
| 5 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 areas | nmod |
| 6 | walled | wall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 walled | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 characterised | cc |
| 9 | around | around | ADP | _ | 11 Citadel | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Citadel | det |
| 11 | Citadel | Citadel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 characterised | obl |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 characterised | aux:pass |
| 13 | characterised | characteris | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 walled | conj |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 hundreds | case |
| 15 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 characterised | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 mosques | case |
| 17 | mosques | mosque | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 hundreds | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 tombs | punct |
| 19 | tombs | tomb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 mosques | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 madrasas | punct |
| 21 | madrasas | madrasa | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 mosques | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 mansions | punct |
| 23 | mansions | mansion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 mosques | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 caravanserais | punct |
| 25 | caravanserais | caravanserai | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 mosques | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 fortifications | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 fortifications | cc |
| 28 | fortifications | fortification | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 walled | parataxis |
| 29 | dating | date | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 fortifications | acl |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 era | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 era | det |
| 32 | Islamic | Islamic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 era | amod |
| 33 | era | era | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 dating | obl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 referred | cc |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 referred | aux:pass |
| 36 | often | often | ADV | _ | 37 referred | advmod |
| 37 | referred | refer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 dating | conj |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 referred | obl |
| 39 | as | as | ADP | _ | 42 Cairo | case |
| 40 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 Cairo | punct |
| 41 | Islamic | Islamic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 Cairo | amod |
| 42 | Cairo | Cairo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 referred | obl |
| 43 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 Cairo | punct |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 literature | punct |
| 45 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 49 literature | advmod |
| 46 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 literature | case |
| 47 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 literature | compound |
| 48 | travel | travel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 literature | compound |
| 49 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 Cairo | conj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 walled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wall | past | the areas around the old | city | fortifications parataxis | tree rules | |||
| 2 | characteris | present · passive | hundreds of mosques and tombs and madrasas and mansions and caravanserais | the Citadel | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | date | gerund | fortifications not said here | the Islamic era | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | refer | present · passive | fortifications not said here | as Islamic Cairo and English travel literature; often property | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cairo/460/