Cairo, sentence 482
From Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Citadel is a fortified enclosure begun by Salah al-Din in 1176 AD on an outcrop of the Muqattam Hills as part of a large defensive system to protect both Cairo to the north and Fustat to the southwest.
Who acts: Citadel, fortified enclosure · What happens: fortify, be, begin, hill, protect · To what, where: fortified enclosure, 1176 AD, Cairo
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cairo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Citadel, fortified enclosure), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Citadel | det |
| 2 | Citadel | Citadel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 enclosure | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 enclosure | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 enclosure | det |
| 5 | fortified | fortify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 enclosure | amod |
| 6 | enclosure | enclosure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 Hills | nsubj |
| 7 | begun | begin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 enclosure | acl |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 Salah | case |
| 9 | Salah | Salah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 begun | obl |
| 10 | al | Al | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Salah | flat |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 Din | punct |
| 12 | Din | Din | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Salah | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 AD | case |
| 14 | 1176 | 1176 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 AD | nummod |
| 15 | AD | ad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 begun | obl |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 outcrop | case |
| 17 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 outcrop | det |
| 18 | outcrop | outcrop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 AD | nmod |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Muqattam | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Muqattam | det |
| 21 | Muqattam | Muqattam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 outcrop | nmod |
| 22 | Hills | hill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 part | case |
| 24 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 Hills | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 system | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 system | det |
| 27 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 system | amod |
| 28 | defensive | defensive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 system | amod |
| 29 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 part | nmod |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 protect | mark |
| 31 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 Hills | advcl |
| 32 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 33 Cairo | det |
| 33 | Cairo | Cairo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 protect | obj |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 north | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 north | det |
| 36 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 protect | obl |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 Fustat | cc |
| 38 | Fustat | fustat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 north | conj |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 southwest | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 southwest | det |
| 41 | southwest | southwest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 protect | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 Hills | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fortify | participle | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | the Citadel | a fortified enclosure | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | begin | participle | a fortified enclosure not said here | 1176 AD on a outcrop of the Muqattam | by Salah and Din | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | hill | present | a fortified enclosure | as part of a large defensive system | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | protect | to-infinitive | a fortified enclosure not said here | both Cairo | to the north and Fustat; to the southwest | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cairo=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cairo/482/