Cambodia, sentence 246
From Wikipedia, «Cambodia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Credible non-governmental organisations estimate that "770,000 people have been adversely affected by land grabbing covering at least four million hectares (nearly 10 million acres) of land that have been confiscated", says Paris-based International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH).
Who acts: Credible non-governmental organisations, land · What happens: estimate, affect, grab, cover, confiscate, say · To what, where: 770,000 people, million hectares, land · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cambodia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Credible non-governmental organisations, land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Credible | credible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 organisations | amod |
| 2 | non-governmental | non-governmental | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 organisations | amod |
| 3 | organisations | organisation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 estimate | nsubj |
| 4 | estimate | estimate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 affected | mark |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 770,000 | punct |
| 7 | 770,000 | 770,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 people | nummod |
| 8 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 affected | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 affected | aux |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 affected | aux:pass |
| 11 | adversely | adversely | ADV | _ | 12 affected | advmod |
| 12 | affected | affect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 estimate | ccomp |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 land | case |
| 14 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 affected | obl |
| 15 | grabbing | grab | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 affected | advcl |
| 16 | covering | cover | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 grabbing | xcomp |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 least | case |
| 18 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 20 million | nmod |
| 19 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 million | compound |
| 20 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 hectares | nummod |
| 21 | hectares | hectare | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 covering | obj |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 acres | punct |
| 23 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 25 million | advmod |
| 24 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 million | compound |
| 25 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 acres | nummod |
| 26 | acres | acre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 hectares | conj |
| 27 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 acres | punct |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 land | case |
| 29 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 acres | nmod |
| 30 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 confiscated | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 confiscated | aux |
| 32 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 confiscated | aux:pass |
| 33 | confiscated | confiscate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 land | acl:relcl |
| 34 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 confiscated | punct |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 says | punct |
| 36 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 estimate | parataxis |
| 37 | Paris | Paris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 based | compound |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 Paris | punct |
| 39 | based | base | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 Federation | amod |
| 40 | International | International | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 Federation | amod |
| 41 | Federation | Federation | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 says | ccomp |
| 42 | for | for | ADP | _ | 44 Rights | case |
| 43 | Human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 Rights | amod |
| 44 | Rights | Right | PROPN | Number=Plur | 41 Federation | nmod |
| 45 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 46 FIDH | punct |
| 46 | FIDH | FIDH | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Federation | appos |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 46 FIDH | punct |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 estimate | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | estimate | present | Credible non-governmental organisations | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Value | |||||
| 2 | affect in a quote | present · perfect · passive | land | 770,000 people | adversely property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | grab in a quote | gerund | land not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | cover in a quote | gerund | land not said here | million hectares and million acres of land | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hectare=Destination | ||||
| 5 | confiscate in a quote | present · perfect · passive | land | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | present | based International Federation for Human Rights ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | base | participle | Paris compound | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Cambodia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cambodia/246/