Cameroon, sentence 38
From Wikipedia, «Cameroon», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Sao culture arose around Lake Chad, c. 500 CE, and gave way to the Kanem and its successor state, the Bornu Empire.
Who acts: Sao culture · What happens: arise, give · To what, where: Lake, way, Kanem
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cameroon». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sao culture), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 culture | det |
| 2 | Sao | Sao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 culture | compound |
| 3 | culture | culture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 arose | nsubj |
| 4 | arose | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | around | around | ADP | _ | 6 Lake | case |
| 6 | Lake | Lake | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 arose | obl |
| 7 | Chad | Chad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Lake | flat |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 c. | punct |
| 9 | c. | c. | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 Lake | appos |
| 10 | 500 | 500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 CE | nummod |
| 11 | CE | ce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 c. | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 gave | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 gave | cc |
| 14 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 arose | conj |
| 15 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gave | obj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 Kanem | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Kanem | det |
| 18 | Kanem | Kanem | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 gave | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 state | cc |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 state | nmod:poss |
| 21 | successor | successor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 state | compound |
| 22 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Kanem | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 Empire | punct |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Empire | det |
| 25 | Bornu | Bornu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Empire | compound |
| 26 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Kanem | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 arose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arise | past | the Sao culture | Lake | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around lake=Location | ||||
| 2 | give | past | the Sao culture not said here | way | the Kanem and culture's successor state and the Bornu Empire | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent way=Theme to kanem=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Cameroon», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cameroon/38/