Central African Republic, sentence 23
From Wikipedia, «Central African Republic», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Approximately 10,000 years ago, desertification forced hunter-gatherer societies south into the Sahel regions of northern Central Africa, where some groups settled.
Who acts: desertification, groups · What happens: force, society, settle · To what, where: Sahel regions
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Central African Republic». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (desertification, groups), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Approximately | approximately | ADV | _ | 2 10,000 | advmod |
| 2 | 10,000 | 10000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 years | nummod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 ago | punct |
| 6 | desertification | desertification | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 societies | nsubj |
| 7 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 societies | amod |
| 8 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 gatherer | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 hunter | punct |
| 10 | gatherer | gatherer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 societies | compound |
| 11 | societies | society | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ago | parataxis |
| 12 | south | south | ADV | _ | 16 regions | advmod |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 regions | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 regions | det |
| 15 | Sahel | Sahel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 regions | compound |
| 16 | regions | region | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 societies | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Africa | case |
| 18 | northern | northern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Africa | amod |
| 19 | Central | Central | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Africa | flat |
| 20 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 regions | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 settled | punct |
| 22 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 25 settled | advmod |
| 23 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 24 groups | det |
| 24 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 settled | nsubj |
| 25 | settled | settle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 regions | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 ago | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | force | participle | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | society | desertification | the Sahel regions of northern Central Africa | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | settle | past | some groups | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Central African Republic», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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