Chad, sentence 149
From Wikipedia, «Chad», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In 2005, opposition parties and human rights organisations supported the boycott of the constitutional referendum that allowed Idriss Déby to stand for re-election for a third term amid reports of widespread irregularities in voter registration and government censorship of independent media outlets during the campaign.
Who acts: opposition parties, constitutional referendum, Idriss · What happens: support, allow, stand, boycott, report · To what, where: boycott, 2005, Idriss, constitutional referendum, widespread irregularities
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Chad». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (opposition parties, constitutional referendum, Idriss), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 2005 | case |
| 2 | 2005 | 2005 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 supported | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 2005 | punct |
| 4 | opposition | opposition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 parties | compound |
| 5 | parties | party | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 supported | nsubj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 organisations | cc |
| 7 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 rights | amod |
| 8 | rights | right | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 organisations | compound |
| 9 | organisations | organisation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 parties | conj |
| 10 | supported | support | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 boycott | det |
| 12 | boycott | boycott | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 supported | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 referendum | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 referendum | det |
| 15 | constitutional | constitutional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 referendum | amod |
| 16 | referendum | referendum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 boycott | nmod |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 allowed | nsubj |
| 18 | allowed | allow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 referendum | acl:relcl |
| 19 | Idriss | Idriss | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 allowed | obj |
| 20 | Déby | Déby | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Idriss | flat |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 stand | mark |
| 22 | stand | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 allowed | xcomp |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 re-election | case |
| 24 | re-election | re-election | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 stand | obl |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 reports | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 term | det |
| 27 | third | third | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 28 term | amod |
| 28 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 reports | compound |
| 29 | amid | amid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 reports | compound |
| 30 | reports | report | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 stand | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 irregularities | case |
| 32 | widespread | widespread | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 irregularities | amod |
| 33 | irregularities | irregularity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 reports | nmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 registration | case |
| 35 | voter | voter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 registration | compound |
| 36 | registration | registration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 irregularities | nmod |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 censorship | cc |
| 38 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 censorship | compound |
| 39 | censorship | censorship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 registration | conj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 outlets | case |
| 41 | independent | independent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 outlets | amod |
| 42 | media | media | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 outlets | compound |
| 43 | outlets | outlet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 censorship | nmod |
| 44 | during | during | ADP | _ | 46 campaign | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 campaign | det |
| 46 | campaign | campaign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 outlets | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 supported | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | support | past | opposition parties and rights organisations | the boycott of the constitutional referendum | 2005 | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer boycott=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | allow | past | the constitutional referendum | Idriss | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer idriss=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | stand not said to happen | to-infinitive | Idriss not said here | for re-election; for term amid reports of widespread irregularities in voter registration and government censorship of independent media outlets during the campaign | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for re-election=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | boycott | the constitutional referendum | nom boycott «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | report | widespread irregularities in voter registration and government censorship of independent media outlets during the campaign | nom report «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Chad», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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