Chad, sentence 289
From Wikipedia, «Chad», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Three trans-African automobile routes pass through Chad: the Tripoli-Cape Town Highway; the Dakar-Ndjamena Highway; and the Ndjamena-Djibouti Highway. as of 2013 Chad had an estimated 59 airports, 9 of which had paved runways.
Who acts: Three trans, Chad · What happens: pass, have, estimate, pave · To what, where: Town Highway, Chad, estimated 59 airports, runways
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Chad». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Three trans, Chad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 trans | nummod |
| 2 | trans | tran | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pass | nsubj |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 trans | punct |
| 4 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 routes | amod |
| 5 | automobile | automobile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 routes | compound |
| 6 | routes | route | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pass | nsubj |
| 7 | pass | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | through | through | ADP | _ | 9 Chad | case |
| 9 | Chad | chad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pass | obl |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 pass | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Highway | det |
| 12 | Tripoli | Tripoli | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Town | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 Tripoli | punct |
| 14 | Cape | Cape | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Town | compound |
| 15 | Town | Town | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Highway | compound |
| 16 | Highway | Highway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 pass | obj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 Highway | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Highway | det |
| 19 | Dakar | Dakar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Highway | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 Ndjamena | punct |
| 21 | Ndjamena | Ndjamena | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Highway | compound |
| 22 | Highway | Highway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 pass | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 Highway | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 Highway | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Highway | det |
| 26 | Ndjamena | Ndjamena | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Djibouti | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 Ndjamena | punct |
| 28 | Djibouti | Djibouti | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Highway | compound |
| 29 | Highway | Highway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 pass | parataxis |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 29 Highway | punct |
| 31 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 33 2013 | case |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 as | fixed |
| 33 | 2013 | 2013 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 had | obl |
| 34 | Chad | Chad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 had | nsubj |
| 35 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 pass | advcl |
| 36 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 airports | det |
| 37 | estimated | estimate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 airports | amod |
| 38 | 59 | 59 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 39 airports | nummod |
| 39 | airports | airport | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 had | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 9 | punct |
| 41 | 9 | 9 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 39 airports | appos |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 which | case |
| 43 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 45 paved | obl |
| 44 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 paved | aux |
| 45 | paved | pave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 41 9 | acl:relcl |
| 46 | runways | runway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 paved | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 pass | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | present | Three trans | the Town Highway | Chad | the Dakar Ndjamena Highway obl; African automobile routes nsubj; the Djibouti Highway parataxis | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent highway=Theme through chad=Destination | ||
| 2 | have | past | Chad | a estimated 59 airports | as 2013 | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent airport=Patient | |||
| 3 | estimate | participle | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | pave | past · perfect | runways | which obl | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme runway=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Chad», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Chad/289/