Colombia, sentence 7
From Wikipedia, «Colombia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Its rich cultural heritage—including language, religion, cuisine, and art—reflects its history as a colony, fusing cultural elements brought by immigration from Europe and the Middle East, with those brought by the African diaspora, as well as with those of Indigenous civilizations that predate colonization.
Who acts: Indigenous civilizations · What happens: include, reflect, fuse, bring, predate · To what, where: history, cultural elements, colonization, rich cultural heritage
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Colombia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indigenous civilizations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 heritage | nmod:poss |
| 2 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 heritage | amod |
| 3 | cultural | cultural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 heritage | amod |
| 4 | heritage | heritage | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 language | punct |
| 6 | including | include | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 language | case |
| 7 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heritage | appos |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 religion | punct |
| 9 | religion | religion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 language | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 cuisine | punct |
| 11 | cuisine | cuisine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 language | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 art | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 art | cc |
| 14 | art | art | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heritage | conj |
| 15 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 reflects | punct |
| 16 | reflects | reflect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 heritage | parataxis |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 history | nmod:poss |
| 18 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 reflects | obj |
| 19 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 colony | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 colony | det |
| 21 | colony | colony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 reflects | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 fusing | punct |
| 23 | fusing | fuse | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 reflects | advcl |
| 24 | cultural | cultural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 elements | amod |
| 25 | elements | element | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 fusing | obj |
| 26 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 elements | acl |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 immigration | case |
| 28 | immigration | immigration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 brought | obl |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 Europe | case |
| 30 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 immigration | nmod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 East | cc |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 East | det |
| 33 | Middle | Middle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 East | compound |
| 34 | East | East | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Europe | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 those | punct |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 those | case |
| 37 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 23 fusing | obl |
| 38 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 those | acl |
| 39 | by | by | ADP | _ | 42 diaspora | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 diaspora | det |
| 41 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 diaspora | amod |
| 42 | diaspora | diaspora | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 brought | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 those | punct |
| 44 | as | as | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 48 those | cc |
| 45 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 44 as | fixed |
| 46 | as | as | ADP | _ | 44 as | fixed |
| 47 | with | with | ADP | _ | 48 those | case |
| 48 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 37 those | conj |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 civilizations | case |
| 50 | Indigenous | indigenous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 civilizations | amod |
| 51 | civilizations | civilization | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 those | nmod |
| 52 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 53 predate | nsubj |
| 53 | predate | predate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 51 civilizations | acl:relcl |
| 54 | colonization | colonization | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 predate | obj |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heritage | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | include | gerund | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | reflect | present | District's history | as a colony | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | fuse | gerund | cultural elements | with those with those of Indigenous civilizations | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent element=Patient with that=Co-Patient | ||||
| 4 | bring | participle | cultural elements not said here | by immigration from Europe and the Middle East | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | bring | participle | by the African diaspora | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | predate | present | Indigenous civilizations | colonization | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme colonization=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Colombia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Colombia/7/