Copenhagen, sentence 31
From Wikipedia, «Copenhagen», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The original designation in Old Norse, from which Danish descends, was Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn meaning 'merchants' harbour': the direct corresponding English cognates of this name would be "chapmen's haven", the city's English toponym however was acquired through Low German Kopenhagen.
Who acts: Danish, original designation, Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn · What happens: descend, be, mean, correspond, acquire · To what, where: original designation, Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn, harbour, haven, English toponym, Low German
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Copenhagen». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Danish, original designation, Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 designation | det |
| 2 | original | original | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 designation | amod |
| 3 | designation | designation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Norse | case |
| 5 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 Norse | amod |
| 6 | Norse | Norse | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 designation | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 descends | punct |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 which | case |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 descends | obl |
| 10 | Danish | Danish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 descends | nsubj |
| 11 | descends | descend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 designation | acl:relcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 designation | punct |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn | cop |
| 14 | Kaupmannahǫfn | Kaupmannahǫfn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn | compound |
| 15 | ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn | ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 16 | meaning | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn | acl |
| 17 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 20 harbour | punct |
| 18 | merchants | merchant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 harbour | nmod:poss |
| 19 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 18 merchants | case |
| 20 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 meaning | obj |
| 21 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 20 harbour | punct |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 27 cognates | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 cognates | det |
| 24 | direct | direct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 cognates | amod |
| 25 | corresponding | correspond | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 cognates | amod |
| 26 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 cognates | amod |
| 27 | cognates | cognate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn | conj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 name | case |
| 29 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 30 name | det |
| 30 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cognates | nmod |
| 31 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 haven | aux |
| 32 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 36 haven | cop |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 haven | punct |
| 34 | chapmen | chapman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 haven | nmod:poss |
| 35 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 34 chapmen | case |
| 36 | haven | haven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cognates | nmod |
| 37 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 haven | punct |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 toponym | punct |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 city | det |
| 40 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 toponym | nmod:poss |
| 41 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 40 city | case |
| 42 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 toponym | amod |
| 43 | toponym | toponym | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cognates | conj |
| 44 | however | however | ADV | _ | 46 acquired | advmod |
| 45 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 acquired | aux:pass |
| 46 | acquired | acquire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 toponym | acl |
| 47 | through | through | ADP | _ | 49 German | case |
| 48 | Low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 German | amod |
| 49 | German | German | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 acquired | obl |
| 50 | Kopenhagen | Kopenhagen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 German | flat |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | descend | present | Danish | the original designation in Old Norse | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from which=Location | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | the original designation in Old Norse | Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn and the direct corresponding English cognates of this name and the city's English toponym | the direct corresponding English cognates of this name and the city's English toponym conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | mean | gerund | Kaupmannahǫfn ˈkɔupˌmɑnːɑˌhɔvn and the direct corresponding English cognates of this name and the city's English toponym not said here | merchants's harbour | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harbour=Topic | ||||
| 4 | correspond | gerund | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | would | chapmen's haven | chapmen nmod:poss | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | acquire | past · passive | the city's English toponym not said here | Low German | however property | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Copenhagen», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Copenhagen/31/