Cuba, sentence 443
From Wikipedia, «Cuba», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
A spokesperson blamed the increased U.S. trade embargo although economists believe that an equally important problem is the massive decline of aid from Venezuela and the failure of Cuba's state-run oil company which had subsidized fuel costs.
Who acts: spokesperson, economists, important problem, fuel, run oil company · What happens: blame, increase, believe, be, subsidize, cost · To what, where: increased U.S. trade embargo, massive decline, run oil company · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cuba». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spokesperson, economists, important problem, fuel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 spokesperson | det |
| 2 | spokesperson | spokesperson | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 blamed | nsubj |
| 3 | blamed | blame | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 embargo | det |
| 5 | increased | increase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 embargo | amod |
| 6 | U.S. | U.S. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 embargo | compound |
| 7 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 embargo | compound |
| 8 | embargo | embargo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 blamed | obj |
| 9 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 11 believe | mark |
| 10 | economists | economist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 believe | nsubj |
| 11 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 blamed | advcl |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 decline | mark |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 problem | det |
| 14 | equally | equally | ADV | _ | 15 important | advmod |
| 15 | important | important | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 problem | amod |
| 16 | problem | problem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 decline | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 decline | cop |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 decline | det |
| 19 | massive | massive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 decline | amod |
| 20 | decline | decline | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 believe | ccomp |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 aid | case |
| 22 | aid | aid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 decline | nmod |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 Venezuela | case |
| 24 | Venezuela | Venezuela | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 aid | nmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 failure | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 failure | det |
| 27 | failure | failure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 decline | conj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 company | case |
| 29 | Cuba | Cuba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 company | nmod:poss |
| 30 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 29 Cuba | case |
| 31 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 run | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 state | punct |
| 33 | run | run | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 company | compound |
| 34 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 company | compound |
| 35 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 failure | nmod |
| 36 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 subsidized | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 subsidized | aux |
| 38 | subsidized | subsidize | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 company | acl:relcl |
| 39 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 costs | nsubj |
| 40 | costs | cost | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 subsidized | ccomp |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 blamed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | blame | past | a spokesperson | the increased U.S. trade embargo | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent embargo=Theme | ||||
| 2 | increase | participle | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | believe | present | economists | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | a important problem | the massive decline and the failure of Cuba's run oil company | of aid from Venezuela; the failure of Cuba's run oil company conj | tree rules | |||
| 5 | subsidize | past · perfect · passive | Cuba's run oil company | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | cost | present | fuel | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | fail | Cuba's run oil company | nom failure «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Cuba», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Cuba/443/