Damascus, sentence 11
From Wikipedia, «Damascus», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The city saw its importance decline throughout the Abbasid era, only to regain significant importance in the Ayyubid, Mamluk and Ottoman periods.
Who acts: city · What happens: see, regain, decline · To what, where: importance decline, significant importance, Ayyubid
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Damascus». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 city | det |
| 2 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 decline | nmod:poss |
| 5 | importance | importance | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 decline | amod |
| 6 | decline | decline | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | obj |
| 7 | throughout | throughout | ADP | _ | 10 era | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 era | det |
| 9 | Abbasid | Abbasid | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 era | compound |
| 10 | era | era | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 regain | punct |
| 12 | only | only | ADV | _ | 14 regain | advmod |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 regain | mark |
| 14 | regain | regain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 saw | conj |
| 15 | significant | significant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 importance | amod |
| 16 | importance | importance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 regain | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 Ayyubid | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Ayyubid | det |
| 19 | Ayyubid | Ayyubid | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 regain | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Mamluk | punct |
| 21 | Mamluk | Mamluk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Ayyubid | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 periods | cc |
| 23 | Ottoman | ottoman | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 periods | amod |
| 24 | periods | period | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 Ayyubid | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the city | city's importance decline | throughout the Abbasid era | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer decline=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | regain | to-infinitive | the city not said here | significant importance | the Ayyubid and Mamluk and Ottoman periods | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent importance=Theme | |||
| 3 | decline | city | nom decline «process intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Damascus», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Damascus/11/