Eritrea, sentence 10
From Wikipedia, «Eritrea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Eritrea's central highlands, known as Mereb Melash ("Beyond the Mereb"), were the northern frontier region of the Ethiopian kingdoms and were ruled by a governor titled the Bahr Negus ("King of the Sea").
Who acts: central highlands, governor · What happens: know, be, rule, title · To what, where: central highlands, northern frontier region, Bahr Negus
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Eritrea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (central highlands, governor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eritrea | Eritrea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 highlands | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Eritrea | case |
| 3 | central | central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 highlands | amod |
| 4 | highlands | highland | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 region | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 known | punct |
| 6 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 highlands | acl |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 Mereb | case |
| 8 | Mereb | Mereb | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 known | obl |
| 9 | Melash | Melash | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Mereb | flat |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 14 Mereb | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 Mereb | punct |
| 12 | Beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 14 Mereb | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Mereb | det |
| 14 | Mereb | Mereb | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Mereb | appos |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 Mereb | punct |
| 16 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 14 Mereb | punct |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 highlands | punct |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 region | cop |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 region | det |
| 20 | northern | northern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 region | amod |
| 21 | frontier | frontier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 region | compound |
| 22 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 kingdoms | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 kingdoms | det |
| 25 | Ethiopian | ethiopian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 kingdoms | amod |
| 26 | kingdoms | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 region | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 ruled | cc |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 ruled | aux:pass |
| 29 | ruled | rule | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 region | conj |
| 30 | by | by | ADP | _ | 32 governor | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 governor | det |
| 32 | governor | governor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 ruled | obl:agent |
| 33 | titled | title | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 governor | acl |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Negus | det |
| 35 | Bahr | Bahr | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Negus | compound |
| 36 | Negus | Negus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 titled | obj |
| 37 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 39 King | punct |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 King | punct |
| 39 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Negus | appos |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 Sea | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Sea | det |
| 42 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 King | nmod |
| 43 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 King | punct |
| 44 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 39 King | punct |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 region | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | participle | Eritrea's central highlands not said here | as Mereb | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as mereb=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | Eritrea's central highlands | the northern frontier region | of the Ethiopian kingdoms | tree rules | |||
| 3 | rule | past · passive | a governor | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | title | participle | a governor not said here | the Bahr Negus | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Eritrea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Eritrea/10/