Eswatini, sentence 262
From Wikipedia, «Eswatini», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
A combination of declining revenues and increased spending led to significant budget deficits.
Who acts: combination · What happens: decline, increase, spend, lead · To what, where: revenues, combination
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Eswatini». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (combination), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 combination | det |
| 2 | combination | combination | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 4 declining | mark |
| 4 | declining | decline | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 combination | acl |
| 5 | revenues | revenue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 declining | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 increased | cc |
| 7 | increased | increase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 declining | conj |
| 8 | spending | spend | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 increased | xcomp |
| 9 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 spending | xcomp |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 deficits | case |
| 11 | significant | significant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 deficits | amod |
| 12 | budget | budget | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 deficits | compound |
| 13 | deficits | deficit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 led | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 combination | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decline | gerund | a combination not said here | revenues | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent revenue=Theme | ||||
| 2 | increase | past | a combination not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | spend | gerund | a combination not said here | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Goal | |||||
| 4 | lead | participle | a combination not said here | to significant budget deficits | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to deficit=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Eswatini», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Eswatini/262/