Ethiopia, sentence 241
From Wikipedia, «Ethiopia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Current government programs to control deforestation consist of education, promoting reforestation programs, and providing raw materials which are alternatives to timber.
Who acts: Current government programs, raw materials · What happens: control, consist, promote, provide, be, timber · To what, where: deforestation, reforestation programs, raw materials, alternatives
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ethiopia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Current government programs, raw materials), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Current | current | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 programs | amod |
| 2 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 programs | compound |
| 3 | programs | program | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 consist | nsubj |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 control | mark |
| 5 | control | control | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 programs | acl |
| 6 | deforestation | deforestation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 control | obj |
| 7 | consist | consist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 education | case |
| 9 | education | education | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 consist | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 promoting | punct |
| 11 | promoting | promote | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 consist | advcl |
| 12 | reforestation | reforestation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 programs | compound |
| 13 | programs | program | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 promoting | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 providing | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 providing | cc |
| 16 | providing | provide | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 promoting | conj |
| 17 | raw | raw | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 materials | amod |
| 18 | materials | material | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 providing | obj |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 alternatives | nsubj |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 alternatives | cop |
| 21 | alternatives | alternative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 materials | nmod |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 timber | mark |
| 23 | timber | timber | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 providing | advcl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 consist | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | control | to-infinitive | Current government programs not said here | deforestation | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deforestation=Theme | ||||
| 2 | consist | present | Current government programs | of education | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | promote | gerund | Current government programs not said here | reforestation programs | vn promote-102 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent program=Theme | ||||
| 4 | provide | gerund | Current government programs not said here | raw materials | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition material=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | raw materials | alternatives | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | timber | to-infinitive | Current government programs not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Ethiopia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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