Ethiopia, sentence 333
From Wikipedia, «Ethiopia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
This had the effect of discouraging external financing of hydropower and irrigation projects in western Ethiopia, thereby impeding water resource-based economic development projects.
Who acts: This · What happens: have, impede, base, effect, finance · To what, where: effect, water resource, discouraging external financing, hydropower
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ethiopia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 effect | det |
| 4 | effect | effect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 had | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 financing | case |
| 6 | discouraging | discouraging | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 financing | amod |
| 7 | external | external | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 financing | amod |
| 8 | financing | financing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 effect | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 hydropower | case |
| 10 | hydropower | hydropower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 financing | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 projects | cc |
| 12 | irrigation | irrigation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 projects | compound |
| 13 | projects | project | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 financing | conj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 Ethiopia | case |
| 15 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 Ethiopia | amod |
| 16 | Ethiopia | Ethiopia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 projects | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 impeding | punct |
| 18 | thereby | thereby | ADV | _ | 19 impeding | advmod |
| 19 | impeding | impede | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 had | advcl |
| 20 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 resource | compound |
| 21 | resource | resource | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 impeding | obj |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 resource | punct |
| 23 | based | base | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 projects | case |
| 24 | economic | economic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 projects | amod |
| 25 | development | development | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 projects | compound |
| 26 | projects | project | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 impeding | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | This | the effect of discouraging external financing of hydropower and irrigation projects in western Ethiopia | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient | ||||
| 2 | impede | gerund | This not said here | water resource | base economic development projects; thereby property | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer resource=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | base | participle | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | effect | discouraging external financing of hydropower and irrigation projects in western Ethiopia | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | finance | hydropower | nom financing «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Ethiopia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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