Ethiopia, sentence 441
From Wikipedia, «Ethiopia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of instruction in secondary schools and all tertiary education; federal laws are also published in British English in the Federal Negarit Gazeta including the 1995 constitution.
Who acts: English, Federal Negarit · What happens: speak, be, publish, include · To what, where: spoken foreign language, federal laws, British English, 1995 constitution · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ethiopia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, Federal Negarit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 language | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 language | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 language | det |
| 4 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 5 widely | advmod |
| 5 | widely | widely | ADV | _ | 6 spoken | advmod |
| 6 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 language | amod |
| 7 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 language | amod |
| 8 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 medium | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 medium | det |
| 11 | medium | medium | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 language | conj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 instruction | case |
| 13 | instruction | instruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 medium | nmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 schools | case |
| 15 | secondary | secondary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 schools | amod |
| 16 | schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 instruction | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 education | cc |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 education | det |
| 19 | tertiary | tertiary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 education | amod |
| 20 | education | education | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 schools | conj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 published | punct |
| 22 | federal | federal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 laws | amod |
| 23 | laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 published | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 published | aux:pass |
| 25 | also | also | ADV | _ | 26 published | advmod |
| 26 | published | publish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 language | acl |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 English | case |
| 28 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 English | amod |
| 29 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 published | obl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 Negarit | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Negarit | det |
| 32 | Federal | Federal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 Negarit | amod |
| 33 | Negarit | Negarit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 published | obl:agent |
| 34 | Gazeta | Gazeta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Negarit | flat |
| 35 | including | include | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 published | advcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 constitution | det |
| 37 | 1995 | 1995 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 38 constitution | nummod |
| 38 | constitution | constitution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 including | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 language | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | participle | widely property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | English | the spoken foreign language and the medium of instruction in secondary schools and all tertiary education | the medium of instruction in secondary schools and all tertiary education conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | publish | present · passive | the Federal Negarit | federal laws | British English | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result | |||
| 4 | include | gerund | the Federal Negarit not said here | the 1995 constitution | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constitution=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Ethiopia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ethiopia/441/