France, sentence 270
From Wikipedia, «France», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Referendums have played a key role in shaping French politics and even foreign policy; voters have decided on such matters as Algeria's independence, the election of the president by popular vote, the formation of the EU, and the reduction of presidential term limits.
Who acts: key role, such · What happens: play, shape, decide, matter, elect, reduce · To what, where: Referendums, French politics, voters, president, term limits · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «France». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (key role, such), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Referendums | referendum | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 played | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 played | aux |
| 3 | played | play | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 role | det |
| 5 | key | key | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 role | amod |
| 6 | role | role | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 played | obj |
| 7 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 8 shaping | mark |
| 8 | shaping | shape | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 role | acl |
| 9 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 politics | amod |
| 10 | politics | politics | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 8 shaping | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 policy | cc |
| 12 | even | even | ADV | _ | 14 policy | advmod |
| 13 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 policy | amod |
| 14 | policy | policy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 politics | conj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 decided | punct |
| 16 | voters | voter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 decided | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 decided | aux |
| 18 | decided | decide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 played | parataxis |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 matters | case |
| 20 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 21 matters | nsubj |
| 21 | matters | matter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 decided | ccomp |
| 22 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 independence | case |
| 23 | Algeria | Algeria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 independence | nmod:poss |
| 24 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 23 Algeria | case |
| 25 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 matters | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 election | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 election | det |
| 28 | election | election | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 independence | conj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 president | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 president | det |
| 31 | president | president | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 election | nmod |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 34 vote | case |
| 33 | popular | popular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 vote | amod |
| 34 | vote | vote | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 matters | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 formation | punct |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 formation | det |
| 37 | formation | formation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 vote | conj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 EU | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 EU | det |
| 40 | EU | EU | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 formation | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 reduction | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 reduction | cc |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 reduction | det |
| 44 | reduction | reduction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 played | parataxis |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 limits | case |
| 46 | presidential | presidential | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 term | amod |
| 47 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 limits | compound |
| 48 | limits | limit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 reduction | nmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 played | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | play | present · perfect · passive | Referendums | a key role obj; the reduction of term limits parataxis | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary role=Theme | ||||
| 2 | shape | gerund | a key role not said here | French politics and foreign policy | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset politics=Product | ||||
| 3 | decide | present · perfect · passive | voters | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent that S»: subject=Co-Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | matter | present | such | as Algeria's independence and the election of the president; by popular vote and the formation of the EU | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | elect | the president | nom election «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | reduce | term limits | nom reduction «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «France», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/France/270/