France, sentence 297
From Wikipedia, «France», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Aid is provided by the governmental French Development Agency, which finances primarily humanitarian projects in sub-Saharan Africa, with an emphasis on "developing infrastructure, access to health care and education, the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy".
Who acts: governmental French Development Agency, emphasis, rule, law · What happens: provide, finance, develop, implement, consolidate, rule · To what, where: Aid, humanitarian projects, sub-Saharan Africa, infrastructure, appropriate economic policies
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «France». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (governmental French Development Agency, emphasis, rule, law), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aid | aid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 provided | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 provided | aux:pass |
| 3 | provided | provide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 Agency | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Agency | det |
| 6 | governmental | governmental | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Agency | amod |
| 7 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Agency | compound |
| 8 | Development | Development | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Agency | compound |
| 9 | Agency | Agency | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 provided | obl:agent |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 finances | punct |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 finances | nsubj |
| 12 | finances | finance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 Agency | acl:relcl |
| 13 | primarily | primarily | ADV | _ | 14 humanitarian | advmod |
| 14 | humanitarian | humanitarian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 projects | amod |
| 15 | projects | project | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 finances | obj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 Africa | case |
| 17 | sub-Saharan | sub-Saharan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Africa | compound |
| 18 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 projects | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 emphasis | punct |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 emphasis | case |
| 21 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 emphasis | det |
| 22 | emphasis | emphasis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 provided | obl |
| 23 | on | on | SCONJ | _ | 25 developing | mark |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 developing | punct |
| 25 | developing | develop | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 emphasis | acl |
| 26 | infrastructure | infrastructure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 developing | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 access | punct |
| 28 | access | access | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 infrastructure | conj |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 care | case |
| 30 | health | health | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 care | compound |
| 31 | care | care | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 access | nmod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 education | cc |
| 33 | education | education | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 care | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 implementation | punct |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 implementation | det |
| 36 | implementation | implementation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 emphasis | conj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 policies | case |
| 38 | appropriate | appropriate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 policies | amod |
| 39 | economic | economic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 policies | amod |
| 40 | policies | policy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 implementation | nmod |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 consolidation | cc |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 consolidation | det |
| 43 | consolidation | consolidation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 policies | conj |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 rule | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 rule | det |
| 46 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 consolidation | nmod |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 law | case |
| 48 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 rule | nmod |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 democracy | cc |
| 50 | democracy | democracy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 rule | conj |
| 51 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 emphasis | punct |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 provided | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | provide | present · passive | the governmental French Development Agency | Aid | with a emphasis and the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient with emphasis=Theme | |||
| 2 | finance | present | the governmental French Development Agency | humanitarian projects | sub-Saharan Africa | tree rules | |||
| 3 | develop in a quote | gerund | a emphasis and the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy not said here | infrastructure and access to health care and education | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infrastructure=Product | ||||
| 4 | implement in a quote | appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy | nom implementation «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | consolidate in a quote | the rule of law and democracy | nom consolidation «event intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 6 | rule in a quote | law | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «France», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/France/297/