France, sentence 75
From Wikipedia, «France», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
West Francia approximated the area occupied by modern France and was its precursor.
Who acts: West · What happens: approximate, occupy, be · To what, where: area, precursor
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «France». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (West), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | West | West | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 approximated | nsubj |
| 2 | Francia | Francia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 West | flat |
| 3 | approximated | approximate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 area | det |
| 5 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 approximated | obj |
| 6 | occupied | occupy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 area | acl |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 France | case |
| 8 | modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 France | amod |
| 9 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 occupied | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 precursor | cc |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 precursor | cop |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 precursor | nmod:poss |
| 13 | precursor | precursor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 approximated | conj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 approximated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | approximate | past | West | the area | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent area=Value | ||||
| 2 | occupy | participle | the area not said here | by modern France | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | West not said here | Empire's precursor | Empire nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «France», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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