Ghana, sentence 158
From Wikipedia, «Ghana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In 2013, the UN chief of the Office on Drugs and Crime stated that "West Africa is completely weak in terms of border control and the big drug cartels from Colombia and Latin America have chosen Africa as a way to reach Europe."
Who acts: UN chief, West Africa · What happens: state, be, choose, reach, term · To what, where: 2013, terms, Africa, Europe, border control · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ghana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (UN chief, West Africa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 2013 | case |
| 2 | 2013 | 2013 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 stated | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 2013 | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 chief | det |
| 5 | UN | UN | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 chief | compound |
| 6 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 stated | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Office | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Office | det |
| 9 | Office | Office | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 chief | nmod |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 Drugs | case |
| 11 | Drugs | Drug | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 Office | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 Crime | cc |
| 13 | Crime | Crime | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Office | conj |
| 14 | stated | state | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 weak | mark |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 weak | punct |
| 17 | West | West | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Africa | compound |
| 18 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 weak | nsubj |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 weak | cop |
| 20 | completely | completely | ADV | _ | 21 weak | advmod |
| 21 | weak | weak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 chosen | advcl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 terms | case |
| 23 | terms | term | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 weak | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 control | case |
| 25 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 control | compound |
| 26 | control | control | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 terms | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 cartels | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 cartels | det |
| 29 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 cartels | amod |
| 30 | drug | drug | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 cartels | compound |
| 31 | cartels | cartel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 control | conj |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 Colombia | case |
| 33 | Colombia | Colombia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 cartels | nmod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 America | cc |
| 35 | Latin | Latin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 America | compound |
| 36 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Colombia | conj |
| 37 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 chosen | aux |
| 38 | chosen | choose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 stated | ccomp |
| 39 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 chosen | obj |
| 40 | as | as | ADP | _ | 42 way | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 way | det |
| 42 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 chosen | obl |
| 43 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 reach | mark |
| 44 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 way | acl |
| 45 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 reach | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 stated | punct |
| 47 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 stated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | state speech: other | past | the UN chief of the Office on Drugs and Crime | 2013 | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | West Africa | terms of border control and the big drug cartels from Colombia and Latin America | completely, weak property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | choose in a quote | present · perfect | Africa | as a way | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent africa=Theme | ||||
| 4 | reach in a quote | to-infinitive | Europe | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent europe=Theme | |||||
| 5 | term in a quote | border control and the big drug cartels from Colombia and Latin America | nom term «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Ghana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ghana/158/