Ghana, sentence 56
From Wikipedia, «Ghana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The earliest kingdoms to emerge in Ghana were Bonoman in the south and the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north, with Bonoman existing in the area during the 11th century.
Who acts: earliest kingdoms, Bonoman · What happens: emerge, be, exist · To what, where: Ghana, Bonoman, south, area
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ghana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earliest kingdoms, Bonoman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 kingdoms | det |
| 2 | earliest | early | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 kingdoms | amod |
| 3 | kingdoms | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 Bonoman | nsubj |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 emerge | mark |
| 5 | emerge | emerge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 kingdoms | acl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Ghana | case |
| 7 | Ghana | Ghana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 emerge | obl |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 Bonoman | cop |
| 9 | Bonoman | Bonoman | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 south | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 south | det |
| 12 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Bonoman | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 Kingdom | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Kingdom | det |
| 15 | Kingdom | Kingdom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Bonoman | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Dagbon | case |
| 17 | Dagbon | Dagbon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Kingdom | nmod |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 north | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 north | det |
| 20 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Bonoman | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Bonoman | punct |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 Bonoman | case |
| 23 | Bonoman | Bonoman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Bonoman | conj |
| 24 | existing | exist | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 Bonoman | acl |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 area | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 area | det |
| 27 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 existing | obl |
| 28 | during | during | ADP | _ | 31 century | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 century | det |
| 30 | 11th | 11th | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 century | amod |
| 31 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 existing | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 Bonoman | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | emerge | to-infinitive | the earliest kingdoms not said here | Ghana | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ghana=Location | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | the earliest kingdoms | Bonoman and the Kingdom of Dagbon and Bonoman | the south | in the north; the Kingdom of Dagbon conj | tree rules | ||
| 3 | exist | gerund | Bonoman not said here | the area | century | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in area=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Ghana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ghana/56/