Guinea-Bissau, sentence 319

From Wikipedia, «Guinea-Bissau», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Africa: being an accurate description of the regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid, the land of Negroes, Guinee, Aethiopia, and the Abyssines, with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, belonging thereunto: with the several denominations of their coasts, harbors, creeks, rivers, lakes, cities, towns, castles, and villages: their customs, modes, and manners, languages, religions, and inexhaustible treasure: with their governments and policy, variety of trade and barter, and also of their wonderful plants, beasts, birds, and serpents".

Who acts: Africa, accurate description · What happens: be, belong · To what, where: accurate description

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guinea-Bissau». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Africa, accurate description), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 description	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 description	punct
3	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 description	cop
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 description	det
5	accurate	accurate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 description	amod
6	description	description	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 regions	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 regions	det
9	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 description	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 Aegypt	case
11	Aegypt	Aegypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 regions	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 Barbary	punct
13	Barbary	Barbary	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Aegypt	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 Lybia	punct
15	Lybia	Lybia	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Aegypt	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 Billedulgerid	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 Billedulgerid	cc
18	Billedulgerid	Billedulgerid	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Aegypt	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 land	punct
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 land	det
21	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 description	appos
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 Negroes	case
23	Negroes	negro	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 land	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 Guinee	punct
25	Guinee	Guinee	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Negroes	appos
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 Aethiopia	punct
27	Aethiopia	Aethiopia	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 Guinee	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 Abyssines	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 Abyssines	cc
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 Abyssines	det
31	Abyssines	Abyssine	PROPN	Number=Plur	6 description	nmod
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 islands	punct
33	with	with	ADP	_	37 islands	case
34	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	37 islands	det:predet
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 islands	det
36	adjacent	adjacent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 islands	amod
37	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 Abyssines	conj
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 Mediterranean	punct
39	either	either	CCONJ	_	42 Mediterranean	cc:preconj
40	in	in	ADP	_	42 Mediterranean	case
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 Mediterranean	det
42	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 Abyssines	appos
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 Atlantick	punct
44	Atlantick	Atlantick	PROPN	Number=Sing	42 Mediterranean	conj
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 Southern	punct
46	Southern	Southern	PROPN	_	42 Mediterranean	conj
47	,	,	PUNCT	_	50 Sea	punct
48	or	or	CCONJ	_	50 Sea	cc
49	Oriental	Oriental	PROPN	Number=Sing	50 Sea	compound
50	Sea	Sea	PROPN	Number=Sing	42 Mediterranean	conj
51	,	,	PUNCT	_	52 belonging	punct
52	belonging	belong	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 description	acl
53	thereunto	thereunto	ADV	_	52 belonging	advmod
54	:	:	PUNCT	_	58 denominations	punct
55	with	with	ADP	_	58 denominations	case
56	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	58 denominations	det
57	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	58 denominations	amod
58	denominations	denomination	NOUN	Number=Plur	52 belonging	obl
59	of	of	ADP	_	61 coasts	case
60	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	61 coasts	nmod:poss
61	coasts	coast	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	nmod
62	,	,	PUNCT	_	63 harbors	punct
63	harbors	harbor	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
64	,	,	PUNCT	_	65 creeks	punct
65	creeks	creek	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
66	,	,	PUNCT	_	67 rivers	punct
67	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
68	,	,	PUNCT	_	69 lakes	punct
69	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
70	,	,	PUNCT	_	71 cities	punct
71	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
72	,	,	PUNCT	_	73 towns	punct
73	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
74	,	,	PUNCT	_	75 castles	punct
75	castles	castle	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
76	,	,	PUNCT	_	78 villages	punct
77	and	and	CCONJ	_	78 villages	cc
78	villages	village	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
79	:	:	PUNCT	_	81 customs	punct
80	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	81 customs	nmod:poss
81	customs	custom	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
82	,	,	PUNCT	_	83 modes	punct
83	modes	mode	NOUN	Number=Plur	81 customs	conj
84	,	,	PUNCT	_	86 manners	punct
85	and	and	CCONJ	_	86 manners	cc
86	manners	manners	NOUN	Number=Ptan	58 denominations	conj
87	,	,	PUNCT	_	88 languages	punct
88	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
89	,	,	PUNCT	_	90 religions	punct
90	religions	religion	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
91	,	,	PUNCT	_	94 treasure	punct
92	and	and	CCONJ	_	94 treasure	cc
93	inexhaustible	inexhaustible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	94 treasure	amod
94	treasure	treasure	NOUN	Number=Sing	58 denominations	conj
95	:	:	PUNCT	_	98 governments	punct
96	with	with	ADP	_	98 governments	case
97	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	98 governments	nmod:poss
98	governments	government	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
99	and	and	CCONJ	_	100 policy	cc
100	policy	policy	NOUN	Number=Sing	98 governments	conj
101	,	,	PUNCT	_	102 variety	punct
102	variety	variety	NOUN	Number=Sing	98 governments	appos
103	of	of	ADP	_	104 trade	case
104	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	102 variety	nmod
105	and	and	CCONJ	_	106 barter	cc
106	barter	barter	NOUN	Number=Sing	104 trade	conj
107	,	,	PUNCT	_	113 plants	punct
108	and	and	CCONJ	_	113 plants	cc
109	also	also	ADV	_	113 plants	advmod
110	of	of	ADP	_	113 plants	case
111	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	113 plants	nmod:poss
112	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	113 plants	amod
113	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
114	,	,	PUNCT	_	115 beasts	punct
115	beasts	beast	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
116	,	,	PUNCT	_	117 birds	punct
117	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	conj
118	,	,	PUNCT	_	120 serpents	punct
119	and	and	CCONJ	_	120 serpents	cc
120	serpents	serpent	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 denominations	appos
121	"	"	PUNCT	_	120 serpents	punct
122	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 description	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	gerund	Africa	a accurate description				of the regions of Aegypt and Barbary and Lybia and Billedulgerid; the Abyssines and all adjacent islands nmod; the land of Negroes appos	tree rules
2	belong	gerund	a accurate description not said here					with the several denominations of denominations's coasts and harbors and creeks and rivers and lakes and cities and towns and castles and villages and villages's customs and modes and manners and languages and religions and inexhaustible treasure and religions's governments and policy and religions's wonderful plants and beasts and birds; thereunto property	vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Guinea-Bissau», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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🌲 Guinea-Bissau, sentence 319

The tree

Pragmatics

Guinea-Bissau, sentence 319