Guinea, sentence 29
From Wikipedia, «Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The earliest, the Ghana Empire, grew on trade and ultimately fell after repeated incursions of the Almoravids.
Who acts: earliest Ghana Empire · What happens: grow, fall, repeat, incur · To what, where: trade, Almoravids
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earliest Ghana Empire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Empire | det |
| 2 | earliest | early | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 6 Empire | amod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 Empire | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Empire | det |
| 5 | Ghana | Ghana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Empire | compound |
| 6 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 grew | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 Empire | punct |
| 8 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 trade | case |
| 10 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 grew | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 fell | cc |
| 12 | ultimately | ultimately | ADV | _ | 13 fell | advmod |
| 13 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 grew | conj |
| 14 | after | after | ADP | _ | 16 incursions | case |
| 15 | repeated | repeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 incursions | amod |
| 16 | incursions | incursion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 fell | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Almoravids | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Almoravids | det |
| 19 | Almoravids | Almoravid | PROPN | Number=Plur | 16 incursions | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | the earliest Ghana Empire | trade | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on trade=Location | ||||
| 2 | fall | past | the earliest Ghana Empire not said here | after repeated incursions of the Almoravids | ultimately property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | repeat | participle | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 4 | incur | the Almoravids | nom incursion «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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