Haiti, sentence 515
From Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In the past, Haiti used rail transport; however, the rail infrastructure was poorly maintained when in use and cost of rehabilitation is beyond the means of the Haitian economy.
Who acts: Haiti, the · What happens: use, maintain, be, cost · To what, where: rail transport, past, rail infrastructure, use, rehabilitation
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Haiti». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Haiti, the), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 past | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 past | det |
| 3 | past | past | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 used | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 past | punct |
| 5 | Haiti | Haiti | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 used | nsubj |
| 6 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | rail | rail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 transport | compound |
| 8 | transport | transport | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 used | obj |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 maintained | punct |
| 10 | however | however | ADV | _ | 17 maintained | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 however | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 infrastructure | det |
| 13 | rail | rail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 infrastructure | compound |
| 14 | infrastructure | infrastructure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 maintained | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 maintained | aux:pass |
| 16 | poorly | poorly | ADV | _ | 17 maintained | advmod |
| 17 | maintained | maintain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 used | conj |
| 18 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 28 means | mark |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 use | case |
| 20 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 means | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 cost | cc |
| 22 | cost | cost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 use | conj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 rehabilitation | case |
| 24 | rehabilitation | rehabilitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 cost | nmod |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 means | cop |
| 26 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 28 means | mark |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 means | nsubj |
| 28 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 maintained | advcl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 economy | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 economy | det |
| 31 | Haitian | haitian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 economy | amod |
| 32 | economy | economy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 means | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past | Haiti | rail transport | the past | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent transport=Patient | |||
| 2 | maintain | past · passive | the rail infrastructure | however, poorly property | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the | use and cost of rehabilitation | of the Haitian economy; mean property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | cost | rehabilitation | nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Haiti», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Haiti/515/