Hanoi, sentence 93
From Wikipedia, «Hanoi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Nominally it still belonged to the sovereignty of Vietnam (Nguyễn dynasty) under French protectorate in Tonkin, and since 1888 it had been a French concession and had directly been ruled by the French like Cochinchina.
Who acts: sentiment, French · What happens: belong, be, rule · To what, where: French protectorate, French concession
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Hanoi». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sentiment, French), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nominally | nominally | ADV | _ | 4 belonged | advmod |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 belonged | nsubj |
| 3 | still | still | ADV | _ | 4 belonged | advmod |
| 4 | belonged | belong | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 sovereignty | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 sovereignty | det |
| 7 | sovereignty | sovereignty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 belonged | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Vietnam | case |
| 9 | Vietnam | Vietnam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 sovereignty | nmod |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 dynasty | punct |
| 11 | Nguyễn | Nguyễn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 dynasty | compound |
| 12 | dynasty | dynasty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Vietnam | appos |
| 13 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 dynasty | punct |
| 14 | under | under | ADP | _ | 16 protectorate | case |
| 15 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 protectorate | amod |
| 16 | protectorate | protectorate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 belonged | obl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 Tonkin | case |
| 18 | Tonkin | Tonkin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 protectorate | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 1888 | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 1888 | cc |
| 21 | since | since | ADP | _ | 22 1888 | case |
| 22 | 1888 | 1888 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 belonged | obl |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 concession | nsubj |
| 24 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 concession | aux |
| 25 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 concession | cop |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 concession | det |
| 27 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 concession | amod |
| 28 | concession | concession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 1888 | acl:relcl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 ruled | cc |
| 30 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 ruled | aux |
| 31 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 33 ruled | advmod |
| 32 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 ruled | aux:pass |
| 33 | ruled | rule | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 belonged | conj |
| 34 | by | by | ADP | _ | 36 French | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 French | det |
| 36 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 ruled | obl |
| 37 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 Cochinchina | case |
| 38 | Cochinchina | Cochinchina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 French | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 belonged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | belong | past | sentiment | French protectorate in Tonkin | since 1888; still | to the sovereignty of Vietnam; nominally property | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | ||
| 2 | is a | past · perfect | sentiment | a French concession | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | rule | past · perfect · passive | the French like Cochinchina | directly property | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Hanoi», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Hanoi/93/