Havana, sentence 59

From Wikipedia, «Havana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

After regaining the city, the Spanish transformed Havana into the most heavily fortified city in the Americas; similar to Cartagena, a city that under the leadership of Blas de Lezo defeated a British invasion of 30,000 sailors during the Battle of Cartagena in 1741.

Who acts: Spanish · What happens: regain, transform, fortify, defeat, invade · To what, where: city, Havana, fortified city, leadership, 30,000 sailors

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Havana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spanish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	SCONJ	_	2 regaining	mark
2	regaining	regain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 transformed	advcl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 city	det
4	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 regaining	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 regaining	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Spanish	det
7	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 transformed	nsubj
8	transformed	transform	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	Havana	Havana	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 transformed	obj
10	into	into	ADP	_	15 city	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 city	det
12	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	13 heavily	advmod
13	heavily	heavily	ADV	_	14 fortified	advmod
14	fortified	fortify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 city	amod
15	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 transformed	obl
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 Americas	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Americas	det
18	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	Number=Plur	15 city	nmod
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 similar	punct
20	similar	similar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 transformed	conj
21	to	to	ADP	_	22 Cartagena	case
22	Cartagena	Cartagena	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 similar	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 city	punct
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 city	det
25	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 Cartagena	appos
26	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	34 defeated	obj
27	under	under	ADP	_	29 leadership	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 leadership	det
29	leadership	leadership	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 defeated	obl
30	of	of	ADP	_	31 Blas	case
31	Blas	Blas	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 leadership	nmod
32	de	de	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 Blas	flat
33	Lezo	Lezo	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 Blas	flat
34	defeated	defeat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 city	acl:relcl
35	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 invasion	det
36	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 invasion	amod
37	invasion	invasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 defeated	obj
38	of	of	ADP	_	40 sailors	case
39	30,000	30,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	40 sailors	nummod
40	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 invasion	nmod
41	during	during	ADP	_	43 Battle	case
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 Battle	det
43	Battle	Battle	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 defeated	obl
44	of	of	ADP	_	45 Cartagena	case
45	Cartagena	Cartagena	PROPN	Number=Sing	43 Battle	nmod
46	in	in	ADP	_	47 1741	case
47	1741	1741	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	34 defeated	obl
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 transformed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	regain	gerund	the Spanish not said here	the city				vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme
2	transform	past	the Spanish	Havana			into the fortified city in the Americas result	vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent havana=Patient into city=Result
3	fortify	participle					heavily property	vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme
4	defeat	past		a city	the leadership of Blas	during the Battle of Cartagena	in 1741; a British invasion of 30,000 sailors obj	tree rules
5	invade			30,000 sailors				nom invasion «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Havana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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🌲 Havana, sentence 59

The tree

Pragmatics

Havana, sentence 59