Iceland, sentence 409
From Wikipedia, «Iceland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Improving living conditions have triggered a rapid increase in population since the mid-19th century, from about 60,000 in 1850 to 320,000 in 2008.
What happens: improve, trigger · To what, where: Improving living conditions, 60,000
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iceland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Improving | improve | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 conditions | amod |
| 2 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 conditions | compound |
| 3 | conditions | condition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 triggered | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 triggered | aux |
| 5 | triggered | trigger | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 increase | det |
| 7 | rapid | rapid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 increase | amod |
| 8 | increase | increase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 triggered | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 population | case |
| 10 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 increase | nmod |
| 11 | since | since | ADP | _ | 14 century | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 century | det |
| 13 | mid-19th | mid-19th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 14 century | amod |
| 14 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 triggered | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 60,000 | punct |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 60,000 | case |
| 17 | about | about | ADV | _ | 18 60,000 | advmod |
| 18 | 60,000 | 60000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 triggered | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 1850 | case |
| 20 | 1850 | 1850 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 60,000 | nmod |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 320,000 | case |
| 22 | 320,000 | 320,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 60,000 | nmod |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 2008 | case |
| 24 | 2008 | 2008 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 320,000 | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 triggered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | improve | gerund | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | trigger | present · perfect · passive | Improving living conditions | 60,000 in 1850 to 320,000 in 2008 | century | a rapid increase obj | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Theme increase=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Iceland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iceland/409/