India, sentence 353
From Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Critics argue that the new plan, although progressive, suffers from public underfunding and inadequate school infrastructure.
Who acts: Critics · What happens: argue, suffer · To what, where: public underfunding
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «India». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Critics), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Critics | critic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 argue | nsubj |
| 2 | argue | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 6 plan | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 plan | det |
| 5 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 plan | amod |
| 6 | plan | plan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 argue | ccomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 suffers | punct |
| 8 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 11 suffers | mark |
| 9 | progressive | progressive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 suffers | amod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 progressive | punct |
| 11 | suffers | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 argue | parataxis |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 underfunding | case |
| 13 | public | public | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 underfunding | amod |
| 14 | underfunding | underfunding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 suffers | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 infrastructure | cc |
| 16 | inadequate | inadequate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 infrastructure | amod |
| 17 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 infrastructure | compound |
| 18 | infrastructure | infrastructure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 underfunding | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 argue | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | argue speech: disagree | present | Critics | the new plan ccomp | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | suffer | present | public underfunding and inadequate school infrastructure | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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