India, sentence 416
From Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Śulba Sūtras (literally, "Aphorisms of the Chords" in Vedic Sanskrit) (c. 700–400 BCE) contain the earliest extant verbal expression of the Pythagorean theorem (although very likely it had been known to the Old Babylonians.)
Who acts: Śulba Sūtras · What happens: contain, know · To what, where: earliest extant verbal expression, Sūtras
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «India». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Śulba Sūtras), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Sūtras | det |
| 2 | Śulba | Śulba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Sūtras | compound |
| 3 | Sūtras | Sūtras | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 contain | nsubj |
| 4 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 8 Aphorisms | punct |
| 5 | literally | literally | ADV | _ | 8 Aphorisms | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 literally | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Aphorisms | punct |
| 8 | Aphorisms | aphorism | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 Sūtras | appos |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Chords | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Chords | det |
| 11 | Chords | Chord | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 Aphorisms | nmod |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Aphorisms | punct |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 Sanskrit | case |
| 14 | Vedic | Vedic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Sanskrit | compound |
| 15 | Sanskrit | Sanskrit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Sūtras | nmod |
| 16 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 15 Sanskrit | punct |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 18 c. | punct |
| 18 | c. | c. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Sanskrit | appos |
| 19 | 700 | 700 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 c. | flat |
| 20 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 400 | punct |
| 21 | 400 | 400 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 c. | appos |
| 22 | BCE | BCE | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 400 | nmod:unmarked |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 18 c. | punct |
| 24 | contain | contain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 expression | det |
| 26 | earliest | early | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 29 expression | amod |
| 27 | extant | extant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 expression | amod |
| 28 | verbal | verbal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 expression | amod |
| 29 | expression | expression | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 contain | obj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 theorem | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 theorem | det |
| 32 | Pythagorean | pythagorean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 theorem | amod |
| 33 | theorem | theorem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 expression | nmod |
| 34 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 37 likely | punct |
| 35 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 37 likely | mark |
| 36 | very | very | ADV | _ | 37 likely | advmod |
| 37 | likely | likely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 theorem | appos |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 known | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 known | aux |
| 40 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 41 known | aux:pass |
| 41 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 likely | acl:relcl |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 Babylonians | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 Babylonians | det |
| 44 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 Babylonians | amod |
| 45 | Babylonians | Babylonian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 41 known | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 contain | punct |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 24 contain | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | contain | present | the Śulba Sūtras in Vedic Sanskrit | the earliest extant verbal expression of the Pythagorean theorem | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot expression=Theme | ||||
| 2 | know | past · perfect · passive | Sūtras | to the Old Babylonians | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/India/416/