India, sentence 69
From Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
By the 4th and 5th centuries, the Gupta Empire had created a complex system of administration and taxation in the greater Ganges Plain; this system became a model for later Indian kingdoms.
Who acts: system · What happens: create, become · To what, where: Gupta Empire, greater Ganges, model
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «India». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (system), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 6 centuries | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 centuries | det |
| 3 | 4th | 4th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 6 centuries | amod |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 5th | cc |
| 5 | 5th | 5th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 3 4th | conj |
| 6 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 created | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 centuries | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Empire | det |
| 9 | Gupta | Gupta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Empire | compound |
| 10 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 created | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 created | aux |
| 12 | created | create | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 system | det |
| 14 | complex | complex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 system | compound |
| 15 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 created | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 administration | case |
| 17 | administration | administration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 system | nmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 taxation | cc |
| 19 | taxation | taxation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 system | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 Ganges | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Ganges | det |
| 22 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 Ganges | amod |
| 23 | Ganges | Ganges | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 created | obl |
| 24 | Plain | Plain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Ganges | flat |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 became | punct |
| 26 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 27 system | det |
| 27 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 became | nsubj |
| 28 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 created | conj |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 model | det |
| 30 | model | model | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 became | xcomp |
| 31 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 kingdoms | case |
| 32 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 33 Indian | advmod |
| 33 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 kingdoms | amod |
| 34 | kingdoms | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 became | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 created | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | create | past · perfect · passive | the Gupta Empire | the greater Ganges | century | a complex system of administration and taxation obj | tree rules | ||
| 2 | become | past | this system | a model | for Indian kingdoms | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «India», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/India/69/