Indonesia, sentence 225
From Wikipedia, «Indonesia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Research and development spending in Indonesia has historically been low, with limited private-sector participation and weak coordination among government agencies.
Who acts: Research · What happens: be
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Indonesia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Research), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Research | research | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 low | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 spending | cc |
| 3 | development | development | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 spending | compound |
| 4 | spending | spending | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Research | conj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Indonesia | case |
| 6 | Indonesia | Indonesia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 spending | nmod |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 low | aux |
| 8 | historically | historically | ADV | _ | 10 low | advmod |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 low | cop |
| 10 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 participation | punct |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 participation | case |
| 13 | limited | limited | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 participation | amod |
| 14 | private | private | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 sector | amod |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 private | punct |
| 16 | sector | sector | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 participation | compound |
| 17 | participation | participation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 low | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 coordination | cc |
| 19 | weak | weak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 coordination | amod |
| 20 | coordination | coordination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 participation | conj |
| 21 | among | among | ADP | _ | 23 agencies | case |
| 22 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 agencies | compound |
| 23 | agencies | agency | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 participation | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 low | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present · perfect | Research and development spending in Indonesia | with limited sector participation among government agencies and weak coordination; historically, low property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Indonesia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Indonesia/225/