Iran, sentence 12
From Wikipedia, «Iran», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Innovations in literature, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, astronomy and art were renewed during the Islamic Golden Age and Iranian Intermezzo, a period during which Iranian Muslim dynasties ended Arab rule and revived the Persian language.
Who acts: Iranian Muslim dynasties · What happens: renew, end, revive · To what, where: Innovations, Arab rule, Persian language
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iran». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iranian Muslim dynasties), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Innovations | innovation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 renewed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 literature | case |
| 3 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Innovations | nmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 philosophy | punct |
| 5 | philosophy | philosophy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Innovations | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 mathematics | punct |
| 7 | mathematics | mathematics | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 philosophy | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 medicine | punct |
| 9 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 philosophy | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 astronomy | punct |
| 11 | astronomy | astronomy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 philosophy | appos |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 art | cc |
| 13 | art | art | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 astronomy | conj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 renewed | aux:pass |
| 15 | renewed | renew | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 16 | during | during | ADP | _ | 20 Age | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Age | det |
| 18 | Islamic | Islamic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Age | amod |
| 19 | Golden | Golden | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Age | compound |
| 20 | Age | Age | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 renewed | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 Intermezzo | cc |
| 22 | Iranian | Iranian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 Intermezzo | amod |
| 23 | Intermezzo | Intermezzo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Age | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 period | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 period | det |
| 26 | period | period | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Intermezzo | appos |
| 27 | during | during | ADP | _ | 28 which | case |
| 28 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 ended | obl |
| 29 | Iranian | Iranian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 dynasties | amod |
| 30 | Muslim | Muslim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 dynasties | amod |
| 31 | dynasties | dynasty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 ended | nsubj |
| 32 | ended | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 period | acl:relcl |
| 33 | Arab | Arab | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 rule | amod |
| 34 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 ended | obj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 revived | cc |
| 36 | revived | revive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 ended | conj |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 language | det |
| 38 | Persian | persian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 language | amod |
| 39 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 revived | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 renewed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | renew | past · passive | Innovations in literature and philosophy and mathematics and medicine | during the Islamic Golden Age and Iranian Intermezzo | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | end | past | Iranian Muslim dynasties | Arab rule | during a period | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality rule=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | revive | past | Iranian Muslim dynasties not said here | the Persian language | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent language=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Iran», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iran/12/