Iran, sentence 181
From Wikipedia, «Iran», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
However, upon return, Khomeini pledged to defeat the interim government led by Bakhtiar and claimed to support free democratic elections.
Who acts: Khomeini · What happens: pledge, defeat, lead, claim, support · To what, where: interim government, free democratic elections
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iran». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Khomeini), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | However | however | ADV | _ | 7 pledged | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 However | punct |
| 3 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 4 return | case |
| 4 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pledged | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 return | punct |
| 6 | Khomeini | Khomeini | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 pledged | nsubj |
| 7 | pledged | pledge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 defeat | mark |
| 9 | defeat | defeat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 pledged | xcomp |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 government | det |
| 11 | interim | interim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 government | amod |
| 12 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 defeat | obj |
| 13 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 government | acl |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 Bakhtiar | case |
| 15 | Bakhtiar | Bakhtiar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 led | obl:agent |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 claimed | cc |
| 17 | claimed | claim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 pledged | conj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 support | mark |
| 19 | support | support | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 claimed | xcomp |
| 20 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 elections | amod |
| 21 | democratic | democratic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 elections | amod |
| 22 | elections | election | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 support | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 pledged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pledge | past | Khomeini | upon return; however property | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | defeat | to-infinitive | Khomeini not said here | the interim government | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | lead | participle | the interim government not said here | Bakhtiar obl:agent | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | ||||
| 4 | claim speech: other | past | Khomeini not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | support | to-infinitive | Khomeini not said here | free democratic elections | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer election=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Iran», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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