Iraq, sentence 249
From Wikipedia, «Iraq», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The country is subject to rising temperatures and reduced rainfall, and suffers from increasing water scarcity for a human population that rose tenfold between 1890 and 2010 and continues to rise.
Who acts: country, human population · What happens: be, rise, reduce, suffer, increase, continue · To what, where: water scarcity, tenfold
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Iraq». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (country, human population), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 country | det |
| 2 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 subject | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 subject | cop |
| 4 | subject | subject | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 temperatures | case |
| 6 | rising | rise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 temperatures | amod |
| 7 | temperatures | temperature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 subject | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 rainfall | cc |
| 9 | reduced | reduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 rainfall | amod |
| 10 | rainfall | rainfall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 temperatures | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 suffers | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 suffers | cc |
| 13 | suffers | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 subject | parataxis |
| 14 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 15 increasing | mark |
| 15 | increasing | increase | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 suffers | advcl |
| 16 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 scarcity | compound |
| 17 | scarcity | scarcity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 increasing | obj |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 population | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 population | det |
| 20 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 population | amod |
| 21 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 increasing | obl |
| 22 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 rose | nsubj |
| 23 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 population | acl:relcl |
| 24 | tenfold | tenfold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 rose | obj |
| 25 | between | between | ADP | _ | 26 1890 | case |
| 26 | 1890 | 1890 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 rose | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 2010 | cc |
| 28 | 2010 | 2010 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 1890 | conj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 continues | cc |
| 30 | continues | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 rose | conj |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 rise | mark |
| 32 | rise | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 continues | xcomp |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 subject | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the country | to rising temperatures and reduced rainfall; subject property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | rise | gerund | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | reduce | participle | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer | ||||||
| 4 | suffer | present | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | increase | gerund | water scarcity | for a human population | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer scarcity=Patient | ||||
| 6 | rise | past | a human population | tenfold | between 1890 | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tenfold=Theme | |||
| 7 | continue | present | a human population not said here | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 8 | rise | to-infinitive | a human population not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Iraq», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Iraq/249/