Italy, sentence 107
From Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
During the High Renaissance, popes such as Julius II (1503–1513) fought for control of Italy against foreign monarchs; Paul III (1534–1549) preferred to mediate between the European powers to secure peace.
Who acts: popes, Paul · What happens: fight, prefer, secure · To what, where: peace
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (popes, Paul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | During | during | ADP | _ | 4 Renaissance | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Renaissance | det |
| 3 | High | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Renaissance | amod |
| 4 | Renaissance | Renaissance | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 fought | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 popes | punct |
| 6 | popes | pope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 fought | nsubj |
| 7 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 9 Julius | case |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 such | fixed |
| 9 | Julius | Julius | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 popes | nmod |
| 10 | II | II | NUM | NumForm=Roman NumType=Card | 9 Julius | flat |
| 11 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 1503 | punct |
| 12 | 1503 | 1503 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 Julius | appos |
| 13 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 14 1513 | case |
| 14 | 1513 | 1513 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 1503 | nmod |
| 15 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 1503 | punct |
| 16 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 control | case |
| 18 | control | control | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 fought | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Italy | case |
| 20 | Italy | Italy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 control | nmod |
| 21 | against | against | ADP | _ | 23 monarchs | case |
| 22 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 monarchs | amod |
| 23 | monarchs | monarch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 control | nmod |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 preferred | punct |
| 25 | Paul | Paul | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 preferred | nsubj |
| 26 | III | III | NUM | NumForm=Roman NumType=Card | 25 Paul | flat |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 28 1534 | punct |
| 28 | 1534 | 1534 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 Paul | list |
| 29 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 30 1549 | case |
| 30 | 1549 | 1549 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 1534 | nmod |
| 31 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 28 1534 | punct |
| 32 | preferred | prefer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 fought | conj |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 mediate | case |
| 34 | mediate | mediate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 preferred | obl |
| 35 | between | between | ADP | _ | 38 powers | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 powers | det |
| 37 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 powers | amod |
| 38 | powers | power | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 preferred | obl |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 secure | mark |
| 40 | secure | secure | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 preferred | advcl |
| 41 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 secure | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 fought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fight | past | popes such Julius | during the High Renaissance | for control of Italy against foreign monarchs | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | prefer | past | Paul | to mediate; between the European powers | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | secure | to-infinitive | Paul not said here | peace | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition peace=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Italy/107/