Italy, sentence 320
From Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The military history of Italy chronicles a vast time period, lasting from the military conflicts fought by the ancient peoples of Italy, most notably the conquest of the Mediterranean world by the ancient Romans, through the expansion of the Italian city-states and maritime republics during the medieval period and the involvement of the historical Italian states in the Italian Wars and the wars of succession, to the Napoleonic period, the Italian unification, the campaigns of the colonial empire, the two world wars, and into the modern day, with world peacekeeping operations under the aegis of NATO, the EU or the UN.
Who acts: military history, succession, colonial empire · What happens: chronicle, last, fight, expand, involve, war · To what, where: vast time period, conquest, military conflicts, Italian city states, historical Italian states
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (military history, succession, colonial empire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 history | det |
| 2 | military | military | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 history | amod |
| 3 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 chronicles | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Italy | case |
| 5 | Italy | Italy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 history | nmod |
| 6 | chronicles | chronicle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 period | det |
| 8 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 period | amod |
| 9 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 period | compound |
| 10 | period | period | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 chronicles | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 lasting | punct |
| 12 | lasting | last | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 chronicles | advcl |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 conflicts | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 conflicts | det |
| 15 | military | military | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 conflicts | amod |
| 16 | conflicts | conflict | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 lasting | obl |
| 17 | fought | fight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 conflicts | acl |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 peoples | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 peoples | det |
| 20 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 peoples | amod |
| 21 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 fought | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 Italy | case |
| 23 | Italy | Italy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 peoples | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 conquest | punct |
| 25 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 26 notably | advmod |
| 26 | notably | notably | ADV | _ | 28 conquest | advmod |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 conquest | det |
| 28 | conquest | conquest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lasting | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 world | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 world | det |
| 31 | Mediterranean | Mediterranean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 world | compound |
| 32 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 conquest | nmod |
| 33 | by | by | ADP | _ | 36 Romans | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Romans | det |
| 35 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 Romans | amod |
| 36 | Romans | Roman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 28 conquest | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 expansion | punct |
| 38 | through | through | ADP | _ | 40 expansion | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 expansion | det |
| 40 | expansion | expansion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lasting | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 states | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 states | det |
| 43 | Italian | Italian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 states | amod |
| 44 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 states | compound |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 46 states | punct |
| 46 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 expansion | nmod |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 republics | cc |
| 48 | maritime | maritime | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 republics | amod |
| 49 | republics | republic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 states | conj |
| 50 | during | during | ADP | _ | 53 period | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 period | det |
| 52 | medieval | medieval | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 period | amod |
| 53 | period | period | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lasting | obl |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 involvement | cc |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 involvement | det |
| 56 | involvement | involvement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 period | conj |
| 57 | of | of | ADP | _ | 61 states | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 states | det |
| 59 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 61 states | amod |
| 60 | Italian | Italian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 61 states | amod |
| 61 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 56 involvement | nmod |
| 62 | in | in | ADP | _ | 65 Wars | case |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 Wars | det |
| 64 | Italian | Italian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 Wars | amod |
| 65 | Wars | War | PROPN | Number=Plur | 61 states | nmod |
| 66 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 68 wars | cc |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 wars | det |
| 68 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 Wars | conj |
| 69 | of | of | ADP | _ | 70 succession | case |
| 70 | succession | succession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 wars | nmod |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 75 period | punct |
| 72 | to | to | ADP | _ | 75 period | case |
| 73 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 75 period | det |
| 74 | Napoleonic | Napoleonic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 75 period | compound |
| 75 | period | period | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 Wars | nmod |
| 76 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 unification | punct |
| 77 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 79 unification | det |
| 78 | Italian | Italian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 79 unification | amod |
| 79 | unification | unification | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 period | appos |
| 80 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 82 campaigns | punct |
| 81 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 82 campaigns | det |
| 82 | campaigns | campaign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 79 unification | appos |
| 83 | of | of | ADP | _ | 86 empire | case |
| 84 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 86 empire | det |
| 85 | colonial | colonial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 86 empire | amod |
| 86 | empire | empire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 82 campaigns | nmod |
| 87 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 91 wars | punct |
| 88 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 91 wars | det |
| 89 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 91 wars | nummod |
| 90 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 91 wars | compound |
| 91 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 86 empire | conj |
| 92 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 97 day | punct |
| 93 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 97 day | cc |
| 94 | into | into | ADP | _ | 97 day | case |
| 95 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 97 day | det |
| 96 | modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 97 day | amod |
| 97 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 chronicles | obl |
| 98 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 102 operations | punct |
| 99 | with | with | ADP | _ | 102 operations | case |
| 100 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 101 peacekeeping | compound |
| 101 | peacekeeping | peacekeeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 102 operations | compound |
| 102 | operations | operation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 97 day | appos |
| 103 | under | under | ADP | _ | 105 aegis | case |
| 104 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 105 aegis | det |
| 105 | aegis | aegis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 102 operations | nmod |
| 106 | of | of | ADP | _ | 107 NATO | case |
| 107 | NATO | NATO | PROPN | Number=Sing | 105 aegis | nmod |
| 108 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 110 EU | punct |
| 109 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 110 EU | det |
| 110 | EU | EU | PROPN | Number=Sing | 107 NATO | conj |
| 111 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 113 UN | cc |
| 112 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 113 UN | det |
| 113 | UN | UN | PROPN | Number=Sing | 107 NATO | conj |
| 114 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 chronicles | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chronicle | present | the military history of Italy | a vast time period | day | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent period=Theme | |||
| 2 | last | gerund | the military history of Italy not said here | the conquest of the Mediterranean world by the ancient Romans | the military conflicts | during the medieval period and the involvement of the historical Italian states in the Italian Wars to the Napoleonic period and the wars of succession | through the expansion of the Italian city states and maritime republics | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | |
| 3 | fight | participle | the military conflicts not said here | by the ancient peoples of Italy | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | expand | the Italian city states and maritime republics | nom expansion «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | involve | the historical Italian states in the Italian Wars to the Napoleonic period and the wars of succession | nom involvement «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | war | succession | nom war «act intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 7 | campaign | the colonial empire and the two world wars | nom campaign «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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