Italy, sentence 388
From Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Political efforts to revive growth with massive government spending produced a severe rise in public debt, which stood at over 132% of GDP in 2017; the second highest in the EU, after Greece.
Who acts: Political efforts, public debt · What happens: revive, produce, stand · To what, where: growth, severe rise, public debt, 2017
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Political efforts, public debt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Political | political | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 efforts | amod |
| 2 | efforts | effort | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 produced | nsubj |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 revive | mark |
| 4 | revive | revive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 efforts | acl |
| 5 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 revive | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 spending | case |
| 7 | massive | massive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 spending | amod |
| 8 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 spending | compound |
| 9 | spending | spending | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 revive | obl |
| 10 | produced | produce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 rise | det |
| 12 | severe | severe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 rise | amod |
| 13 | rise | rise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 produced | obj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 debt | case |
| 15 | public | public | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 debt | amod |
| 16 | debt | debt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rise | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 stood | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 stood | nsubj |
| 19 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 debt | acl:relcl |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 % | case |
| 21 | over | over | ADV | _ | 22 132 | advmod |
| 22 | 132 | 132 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 % | nummod |
| 23 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 19 stood | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 GDP | case |
| 25 | GDP | GDP | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 % | nmod |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 2017 | case |
| 27 | 2017 | 2017 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 stood | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 highest | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 highest | det |
| 30 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 31 highest | amod |
| 31 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 10 produced | advcl |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 EU | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 EU | det |
| 34 | EU | EU | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 highest | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 Greece | punct |
| 36 | after | after | ADP | _ | 37 Greece | case |
| 37 | Greece | Greece | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 produced | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 produced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | revive | to-infinitive | Political efforts not said here | growth | with massive government spending | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent growth=Patient with spending=Instrument | |||
| 2 | produce | past | Political efforts | a severe rise | public debt | after Greece | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rise=Result | ||
| 3 | stand | past | public debt | 2017 | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at %=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Italy/388/