Italy, sentence 77
From Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In 1176, the Lombard League of city-states defeated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, ensuring their independence.
Who acts: Lombard League · What happens: defeat, ensure · To what, where: Holy Emperor Frederick, 1176, independence
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lombard League), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1176 | case |
| 2 | 1176 | 1176 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 defeated | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 1176 | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 League | det |
| 5 | Lombard | Lombard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 League | compound |
| 6 | League | League | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 defeated | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 states | case |
| 8 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 states | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 city | punct |
| 10 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 League | nmod |
| 11 | defeated | defeat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | Holy | Holy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 Frederick | amod |
| 13 | Roman | Roman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Emperor | compound |
| 14 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Frederick | compound |
| 15 | Frederick | Frederick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 defeated | obj |
| 16 | Barbarossa | Barbarossa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Frederick | flat |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 ensuring | punct |
| 18 | ensuring | ensure | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 defeated | advcl |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 independence | nmod:poss |
| 20 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 ensuring | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 defeated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | defeat | past | the Lombard League of city states | Holy Emperor Frederick | 1176 | tree rules | |||
| 2 | ensure | gerund | the Lombard League of city states not said here | state's independence | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition independence=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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