Italy, sentence 79
From Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In coastal and southern areas, maritime republics dominated the Mediterranean and monopolised trade to the Orient.
Who acts: maritime republics · What happens: dominate, monopolis · To what, where: Mediterranean, coastal areas, trade
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (maritime republics), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 areas | case |
| 2 | coastal | coastal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 areas | amod |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 southern | cc |
| 4 | southern | southern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 coastal | conj |
| 5 | areas | area | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 dominated | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 areas | punct |
| 7 | maritime | maritime | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 republics | amod |
| 8 | republics | republic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 dominated | nsubj |
| 9 | dominated | dominate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Mediterranean | det |
| 11 | Mediterranean | Mediterranean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 dominated | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 monopolised | cc |
| 13 | monopolised | monopolis | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 dominated | conj |
| 14 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 monopolised | obj |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 Orient | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Orient | det |
| 17 | Orient | orient | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 monopolised | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 dominated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dominate | past | maritime republics | the Mediterranean | coastal areas | vn contiguous_location-47.8-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mediterranean=Co-Theme | |||
| 2 | monopolis | past | maritime republics not said here | trade | to the Orient | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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