Jamaica, sentence 301
From Wikipedia, «Jamaica», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In recent years the JDF has been called on to assist the nation's police, the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF), in fighting drug smuggling and a rising crime rate which includes one of the highest murder rates in the world.
Who acts: rising crime rate · What happens: call on, assist, fight, rise, include · To what, where: JDF, police, drug smuggling, one
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Jamaica». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rising crime rate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 years | case |
| 2 | recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 years | amod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 called | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 JDF | det |
| 5 | JDF | JDF | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 called | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 called | aux |
| 7 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 called | aux:pass |
| 8 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 called | compound:prt |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 assist | mark |
| 11 | assist | assist | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 called | advcl |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 nation | det |
| 13 | nation | nation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 police | nmod:poss |
| 14 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 13 nation | case |
| 15 | police | police | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 assist | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Force | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Force | det |
| 18 | Jamaica | Jamaica | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Force | compound |
| 19 | Constabulary | Constabulary | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Force | compound |
| 20 | Force | Force | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 police | conj |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 JCF | punct |
| 22 | JCF | JCF | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Force | appos |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 JCF | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 fighting | punct |
| 25 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 26 fighting | mark |
| 26 | fighting | fight | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 called | advcl |
| 27 | drug | drug | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 smuggling | compound |
| 28 | smuggling | smuggling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fighting | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 rate | cc |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 rate | det |
| 31 | rising | rise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 rate | amod |
| 32 | crime | crime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 rate | compound |
| 33 | rate | rate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 smuggling | conj |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 includes | nsubj |
| 35 | includes | include | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 rate | acl:relcl |
| 36 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 includes | obj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 rates | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 rates | det |
| 39 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 41 rates | amod |
| 40 | murder | murder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 rates | compound |
| 41 | rates | rate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 one | nmod |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 world | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 world | det |
| 44 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 rates | nmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call on speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | the JDF | year | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | assist | to-infinitive | the nation's police and the Jamaica Constabulary Force | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent police=Beneficiary | |||||
| 3 | fight | gerund | drug smuggling and a rising crime rate | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smuggling=Co-Agent | |||||
| 4 | rise | gerund | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | include | present | a rising crime rate | one of the highest murder rates in the world | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Jamaica», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jamaica/301/