Kathmandu, sentence 308
From Wikipedia, «Kathmandu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
This tradition is believed to have been started at the request of Adi Shankara who sought to unify the states of Bhāratam, a region in south Asia believed to be ruled by a mythological king Bharata, by encouraging cultural exchange.
Who acts: request, region, mythological king · What happens: believe, start, seek, unify, rule, encourage · To what, where: tradition, request, states, cultural exchange, Adi
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kathmandu». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (request, region, mythological king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 tradition | det |
| 2 | tradition | tradition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 believed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 believed | aux:pass |
| 4 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 started | mark |
| 6 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 started | aux |
| 7 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 started | aux:pass |
| 8 | started | start | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 believed | xcomp |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 request | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 request | det |
| 11 | request | request | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 started | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 Adi | case |
| 13 | Adi | Adi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 request | nmod |
| 14 | Shankara | Shankara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Adi | flat |
| 15 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 sought | nsubj |
| 16 | sought | seek | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 request | acl:relcl |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 unify | mark |
| 18 | unify | unify | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 sought | xcomp |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 states | det |
| 20 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 unify | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 Bhāratam | case |
| 22 | Bhāratam | Bhāratam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 states | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 believed | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 region | det |
| 25 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 believed | nsubj |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 Asia | case |
| 27 | south | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Asia | compound |
| 28 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 region | nmod |
| 29 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 believed | conj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 ruled | mark |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 ruled | aux:pass |
| 32 | ruled | rule | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 believed | xcomp |
| 33 | by | by | ADP | _ | 36 king | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 king | det |
| 35 | mythological | mythological | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 king | amod |
| 36 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 ruled | obl |
| 37 | Bharata | Bharata | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 king | appos |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 encouraging | punct |
| 39 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 40 encouraging | mark |
| 40 | encouraging | encourage | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 believed | advcl |
| 41 | cultural | cultural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 exchange | amod |
| 42 | exchange | exchange | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 encouraging | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 believed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present · passive | this tradition | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | start | to-infinitive · perfect · passive | the request of Adi | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V» | |||||
| 3 | seek | past | the request of Adi | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | unify not said to happen | to-infinitive | the request of Adi not said here | the states of Bhāratam | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent state=Patient | ||||
| 5 | believe | past | a region in south Asia | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | rule | to-infinitive · passive | a mythological king | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | encourage | gerund | a region in south Asia not said here | cultural exchange | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exchange=Theme | ||||
| 8 | request | Adi | nom request «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kathmandu», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kathmandu/308/