Kazakhstan, sentence 144
From Wikipedia, «Kazakhstan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
During the reigns of Burunduk Khan (ruled 1488–1509) and Kasym Khan (1509–18), the Kazakhs were the masters of virtually the entire steppe region, reportedly able to bring 200,000 cavalry into the field and feared by all their neighbours.
Who acts: Burunduk, Kazakhs · What happens: rule, be, bring, fear · To what, where: 1488, masters, 200,000 cavalry, field
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kazakhstan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Burunduk, Kazakhs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | During | during | ADP | _ | 3 reigns | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 reigns | det |
| 3 | reigns | reign | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Burunduk | case |
| 5 | Burunduk | Burunduk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 reigns | nmod |
| 6 | Khan | Khan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Burunduk | flat |
| 7 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 8 ruled | punct |
| 8 | ruled | rule | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 Burunduk | acl |
| 9 | 1488 | 1488 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 ruled | obj |
| 10 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 11 1509 | case |
| 11 | 1509 | 1509 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 1488 | nmod |
| 12 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 8 ruled | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 Kasym | cc |
| 14 | Kasym | Kasym | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Burunduk | conj |
| 15 | Khan | Khan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Kasym | flat |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 1509 | punct |
| 17 | 1509 | 1509 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 Kasym | appos |
| 18 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 19 18 | case |
| 19 | 18 | 18 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 1509 | nmod |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 1509 | punct |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 reigns | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Kazakhs | det |
| 23 | Kazakhs | Kazakh | PROPN | Number=Plur | 26 masters | nsubj |
| 24 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 masters | cop |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 masters | det |
| 26 | masters | master | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 reigns | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 region | case |
| 28 | virtually | virtually | ADV | _ | 32 region | advmod |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 region | det |
| 30 | entire | entire | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 region | amod |
| 31 | steppe | steppe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 region | compound |
| 32 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 masters | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 able | punct |
| 34 | reportedly | reportedly | ADV | _ | 35 able | advmod |
| 35 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 region | conj |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 bring | mark |
| 37 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 able | xcomp |
| 38 | 200,000 | 200000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 39 cavalry | nummod |
| 39 | cavalry | cavalry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 bring | obj |
| 40 | into | into | ADP | _ | 42 field | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 field | det |
| 42 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 bring | obl |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 feared | cc |
| 44 | feared | fear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 field | conj |
| 45 | by | by | ADP | _ | 48 neighbours | case |
| 46 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 48 neighbours | det:predet |
| 47 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 neighbours | nmod:poss |
| 48 | neighbours | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 feared | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 reigns | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rule | participle | Burunduk and Kasym not said here | 1488 | – 1509 | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 1488=Theme | |||
| 2 | is a | past | the Kazakhs | the masters | of the entire steppe region | tree rules | |||
| 3 | bring | to-infinitive | the Kazakhs not said here | 200,000 cavalry | the field | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cavalry=Theme into field=Destination | |||
| 4 | fear | participle | the Kazakhs not said here | by Kazakhs's neighbours | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kazakhstan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kazakhstan/144/