Kazakhstan, sentence 22
From Wikipedia, «Kazakhstan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Nevertheless, there have been incremental efforts at democratization and political reform since the resignation of Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2019, who had led the country since independence.
Who acts: political reform · What happens: be, lead, resign · To what, where: incremental efforts, democratization, country, Nursultan
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kazakhstan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (political reform), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nevertheless | nevertheless | ADV | _ | 7 efforts | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nevertheless | punct |
| 3 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 been | expl |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 been | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 efforts | cop |
| 6 | incremental | incremental | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 efforts | amod |
| 7 | efforts | effort | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 democratization | case |
| 9 | democratization | democratization | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 efforts | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 reform | cc |
| 11 | political | political | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 reform | amod |
| 12 | reform | reform | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 efforts | conj |
| 13 | since | since | ADP | _ | 15 resignation | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 resignation | det |
| 15 | resignation | resignation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 reform | nmod |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Nursultan | case |
| 17 | Nursultan | Nursultan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 resignation | nmod |
| 18 | Nazarbayev | Nazarbayev | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Nursultan | flat |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 2019 | case |
| 20 | 2019 | 2019 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 reform | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 led | punct |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 led | nsubj |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 led | aux |
| 24 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 reform | acl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 country | det |
| 26 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 led | obj |
| 27 | since | since | ADP | _ | 28 independence | case |
| 28 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 led | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 efforts | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | participle | incremental efforts and political reform since the resignation of Nursultan in 2019 | democratization | political reform since the resignation of Nursultan in 2019 conj; nevertheless property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | lead | past · perfect | political reform since the resignation of Nursultan in 2019 | the country | since independence | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Theme | |||
| 3 | resign | Nursultan | nom resignation «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kazakhstan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kazakhstan/22/