Kenya, sentence 69
From Wikipedia, «Kenya», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
By the 1st century CE, many of the area's city-states, such as Mombasa, Malindi, and Zanzibar, began to establish trading relations with the Arabs.
Who acts: Zanzibar · What happens: begin, establish · To what, where: trading relations
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kenya». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zanzibar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 5 CE | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 CE | det |
| 3 | 1st | 1st | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 5 CE | amod |
| 4 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 CE | compound |
| 5 | CE | ce | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 states | punct |
| 7 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 states | amod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 states | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 area | det |
| 10 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 states | nmod:poss |
| 11 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 10 area | case |
| 12 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 states | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 city | punct |
| 14 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 CE | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 Mombasa | punct |
| 16 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 18 Mombasa | case |
| 17 | as | as | ADP | _ | 16 such | fixed |
| 18 | Mombasa | Mombasa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 states | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Malindi | punct |
| 20 | Malindi | Malindi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Mombasa | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 began | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 began | cc |
| 23 | Zanzibar | Zanzibar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 began | nsubj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Zanzibar | punct |
| 25 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 CE | conj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 establish | mark |
| 27 | establish | establish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 began | xcomp |
| 28 | trading | trading | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 relations | compound |
| 29 | relations | relation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 establish | obj |
| 30 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 Arabs | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Arabs | det |
| 32 | Arabs | Arab | PROPN | Number=Plur | 29 relations | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 CE | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | Zanzibar | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | establish | to-infinitive | Zanzibar not said here | trading relations | with the Arabs | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent relation=Theme with arab=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kenya», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kenya/69/