Kigali, sentence 317
From Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Some travellers began using the Rusomo Falls border crossing to reach Kampala via Tanzania, a much longer journey. as of 2020 Rwanda has no railways, but the government has agreed with Tanzania to construct a standard-gauge railway linking Kigali to Isaka, where passengers could connect with either the Central Line or with the future Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway, to reach Dar es Salaam.
Who acts: travellers, Rwanda, government, standard gauge railway, passengers · What happens: begin, use, reach, have, agree, construct · To what, where: Falls border crossing, Kampala, 2020, standard gauge railway, Kigali, Isaka
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kigali». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (travellers, Rwanda, government, standard gauge railway), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 travellers | det |
| 2 | travellers | traveller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | using | use | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 began | xcomp |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 crossing | det |
| 6 | Rusomo | Rusomo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Falls | compound |
| 7 | Falls | Falls | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 crossing | compound |
| 8 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 crossing | compound |
| 9 | crossing | crossing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 using | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 reach | mark |
| 11 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 using | advcl |
| 12 | Kampala | Kampala | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 reach | obj |
| 13 | via | via | ADP | _ | 14 Tanzania | case |
| 14 | Tanzania | Tanzania | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Kampala | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 journey | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 journey | det |
| 17 | much | much | ADV | _ | 18 longer | advmod |
| 18 | longer | long | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 19 journey | amod |
| 19 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Kampala | appos |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 25 has | mark |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 as | fixed |
| 23 | 2020 | 2020 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 has | obl |
| 24 | Rwanda | Rwanda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 has | nsubj |
| 25 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 began | advcl |
| 26 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 27 railways | det |
| 27 | railways | railway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 has | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 agreed | punct |
| 29 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 33 agreed | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 government | det |
| 31 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 agreed | nsubj |
| 32 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 agreed | aux |
| 33 | agreed | agree | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 began | parataxis |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 Tanzania | case |
| 35 | Tanzania | Tanzania | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 agreed | obl |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 construct | mark |
| 37 | construct | construct | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 agreed | xcomp |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 railway | det |
| 39 | standard | standard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 railway | compound |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 standard | punct |
| 41 | gauge | gauge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 railway | compound |
| 42 | railway | railway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 construct | obj |
| 43 | linking | link | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 42 railway | acl |
| 44 | Kigali | Kigali | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 linking | obj |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 Isaka | case |
| 46 | Isaka | Isaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 linking | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 connect | punct |
| 48 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 51 connect | advmod |
| 49 | passengers | passenger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 connect | nsubj |
| 50 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 51 connect | aux |
| 51 | connect | connect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 railway | parataxis |
| 52 | with | with | ADP | _ | 56 Line | case |
| 53 | either | either | CCONJ | _ | 56 Line | cc:preconj |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 Line | det |
| 55 | Central | Central | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 Line | compound |
| 56 | Line | Line | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 connect | obl |
| 57 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 60 future | cc |
| 58 | with | with | ADP | _ | 60 future | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 future | det |
| 60 | future | future | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 Line | conj |
| 61 | Tanzania | Tanzania | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 Standard | compound |
| 62 | Standard | Standard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 Gauge | compound |
| 63 | Gauge | Gauge | PROPN | Number=Sing | 64 Railway | compound |
| 64 | Railway | Railway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 Line | conj |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 reach | punct |
| 66 | to | to | PART | _ | 67 reach | mark |
| 67 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 51 connect | conj |
| 68 | Dar | Dar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 69 es | compound |
| 69 | es | e | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 reach | obj |
| 70 | Salaam | Salaam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 69 es | flat |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | some travellers | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | use | gerund | some travellers not said here | the Falls border crossing | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crossing=Patient | ||||
| 3 | reach | to-infinitive | some travellers not said here | Kampala | via Tanzania | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent kampala=Theme | |||
| 4 | have | present | Rwanda | 2020 | no railways obj | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent railway=Patient | |||
| 5 | agree speech: agree | present · perfect | the government | with Tanzania | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S_INF»: agent=Agent with tanzania=Co-Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | construct not said to happen | to-infinitive | the government not said here | a standard gauge railway | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent railway=Result | ||||
| 7 | link | gerund | a standard gauge railway not said here | Kigali | Isaka | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent kigali=Patient to isaka=Co-Patient | |||
| 8 | connect | could | passengers | with the Central Line or the future and Gauge Railway | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with line=Co-Patient | ||||
| 9 | reach | to-infinitive | passengers not said here | Dar es | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent e=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kigali/317/