Kigali, sentence 356
From Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
According to international observers such as Reporters Without Borders and Freedom House, the Rwandan media does not have press freedom and is routinely censored or forced to self-censor by the government.
Who acts: Rwandan media · What happens: accord, not have, censor, force · To what, where: press freedom
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kigali». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rwandan media), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | According | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 observers | case |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 1 According | fixed |
| 3 | international | international | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 observers | amod |
| 4 | observers | observer | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 7 Reporters | case |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 5 such | fixed |
| 7 | Reporters | Reporter | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 observers | nmod |
| 8 | Without | without | ADP | _ | 9 Borders | case |
| 9 | Borders | border | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 Reporters | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 House | cc |
| 11 | Freedom | Freedom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 House | compound |
| 12 | House | House | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Reporters | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 have | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 media | det |
| 15 | Rwandan | rwandan | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 media | amod |
| 16 | media | media | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 have | nsubj |
| 17 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 have | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 have | advmod |
| 19 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 Reporters | parataxis |
| 20 | press | press | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 freedom | compound |
| 21 | freedom | freedom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 have | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 censored | cc |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 censored | aux:pass |
| 24 | routinely | routinely | ADV | _ | 25 censored | advmod |
| 25 | censored | censor | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 have | conj |
| 26 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 27 forced | cc |
| 27 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 censored | conj |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 censor | case |
| 29 | self | self | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 censor | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 self | punct |
| 31 | censor | censor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 forced | obl |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 34 government | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 government | det |
| 34 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 forced | obl:agent |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 observers | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | not have | present · do-support | the Rwandan media | press freedom | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freedom=Patient | ||||
| 3 | censor | present · passive | the Rwandan media not said here | routinely property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | force | participle | the Rwandan media not said here | to self censor; the government obl:agent | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kigali/356/