Kinshasa, sentence 11
From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Kinshasa borders the Mai-Ndombe, Kwilu, and Kwango Provinces to the east; the Congo River delineates its western and northern perimeters, constituting a natural border with the Republic of the Congo; to the south lies the Kongo Central Province.
Who acts: Congo River · What happens: delineate, constitute, lie · To what, where: western perimeters, natural border, Kongo Central Province, Kinshasa borders
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Congo River), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kinshasa | Kinshasa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 borders | compound |
| 2 | borders | border | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Ndombe | det |
| 4 | Mai | Mai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Ndombe | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 Mai | punct |
| 6 | Ndombe | Ndombe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 borders | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Kwilu | punct |
| 8 | Kwilu | Kwilu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Ndombe | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Provinces | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 Provinces | cc |
| 11 | Kwango | Kwango | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Provinces | compound |
| 12 | Provinces | province | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 Ndombe | appos |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 east | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 east | det |
| 15 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Provinces | nmod |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 delineates | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 River | det |
| 18 | Congo | Congo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 River | compound |
| 19 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 delineates | nsubj |
| 20 | delineates | delineate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 Ndombe | parataxis |
| 21 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 perimeters | nmod:poss |
| 22 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 perimeters | amod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 northern | cc |
| 24 | northern | northern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 western | conj |
| 25 | perimeters | perimeter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 delineates | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 constituting | punct |
| 27 | constituting | constitute | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 delineates | advcl |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 border | det |
| 29 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 border | amod |
| 30 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 constituting | obj |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 Republic | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Republic | det |
| 33 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 border | nmod |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Congo | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Congo | det |
| 36 | Congo | Congo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Republic | nmod |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 41 lies | punct |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 south | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 south | det |
| 40 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 lies | obl |
| 41 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 delineates | conj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 Province | det |
| 43 | Kongo | Kongo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 Province | compound |
| 44 | Central | Central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 Province | amod |
| 45 | Province | Province | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 lies | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 borders | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | delineate | present | the Congo River | River's western perimeters | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent perimeter=Patient | ||||
| 2 | constitute | gerund | the Congo River not said here | a natural border | with the Republic of the Congo | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme border=Pivot | |||
| 3 | lie | present | the Congo River not said here | the Kongo Central Province | to the south | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location province=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/11/