Kinshasa, sentence 171

From Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

It has four principal features: the Malebo Pool, a large water body with islands and islets; the Kinshasa Plain, a highly urbanizable area prone to drainage problems; the terrace, a series of low ridges overlooking the plain; and the hills area, marked by deep valleys and cirque-shaped formations.

Who acts: plain, low ridges · What happens: have, overlook, mark, shape · To what, where: four principal features, plain, hills area

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plain, low ridges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 features	nummod
4	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 features	amod
5	features	feature	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 Pool	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Pool	det
8	Malebo	Malebo	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Pool	compound
9	Pool	Pool	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 features	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 body	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 body	det
12	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 body	amod
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 body	compound
14	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 Pool	conj
15	with	with	ADP	_	16 islands	case
16	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 body	nmod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 islets	cc
18	islets	islet	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 islands	conj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 Plain	punct
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 Plain	det
21	Kinshasa	Kinshasa	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 Plain	compound
22	Plain	Plain	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	parataxis
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 prone	punct
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 prone	det
25	highly	highly	ADV	_	26 urbanizable	advmod
26	urbanizable	urbanizable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 prone	amod
27	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 prone	compound
28	prone	prone	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 Plain	appos
29	to	to	ADP	_	31 problems	case
30	drainage	drainage	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 problems	compound
31	problems	problem	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 prone	nmod
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 terrace	punct
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 terrace	det
34	terrace	terrace	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	parataxis
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 series	punct
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 series	det
37	series	series	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 terrace	conj
38	of	of	ADP	_	40 ridges	case
39	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 ridges	amod
40	ridges	ridge	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 series	nmod
41	overlooking	overlook	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	40 ridges	acl
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 plain	det
43	plain	plain	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 overlooking	obj
44	;	;	PUNCT	_	48 area	punct
45	and	and	CCONJ	_	48 area	cc
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 area	det
47	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	48 area	compound
48	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	conj
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	50 marked	punct
50	marked	mark	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	48 area	acl
51	by	by	ADP	_	53 valleys	case
52	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	53 valleys	amod
53	valleys	valley	NOUN	Number=Plur	50 marked	obl
54	and	and	CCONJ	_	58 formations	cc
55	cirque	cirque	NOUN	Number=Sing	57 shaped	compound
56	-	-	PUNCT	_	55 cirque	punct
57	shaped	shape	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	58 formations	amod
58	formations	formation	NOUN	Number=Plur	53 valleys	conj
59	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 has	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	plain	four principal features the Malebo Pool and a large water body with islands and islets	the Kinshasa Plain parataxis; the terrace and a series of low ridges parataxis; the hills area conj	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feature=Patient
2	overlook	gerund	low ridges not said here	the plain		vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plain=Theme
3	mark	participle		the hills area not said here	by deep valleys and shaped formations	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent by valley=Destination
4	shape	participle			cirque compound	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/171/

🌲 Kinshasa, sentence 171

The tree

Pragmatics

Kinshasa, sentence 171